Piperazine compounds as inhibitors of MMP or TNF

ABSTRACT

A compound of formula (I) wherein A is a sulfonyl or a carbonyl; R 1 is an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted lower alkyl or an optionally substituted lower alkenyl; R 2 is a hydrogen, an optionally substituted lower alkyl, an optionally substituted aryl or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; R 3 is an optionally substituted lower alkyl, an optionally substituted lower alkoxy, an optionally substituted aryloxy, an optionally substitued lower alkenyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group or an optionally substitued amino, R 4 is a hydrogen, an optionally substituted lower alkyl, an optionally substituted aryl or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, R 5 is a hydrogen, an optionally substituted lower alkyl, an optionally substituted aryl or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; and R 10 is a hydroxy or a protected hydroxy, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound of the present invention is useful as a medicament for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of MMP- or TNF±-mediated diseases.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to new compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

[0002] More particularly, it relates to new compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which are useful as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (hereinafter to be referred to as MMP) or the production of tumor necrosis factor α (hereinafter to be referred to as TNFα), to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, to use of the same as medicaments, and to methods for using the same therapeutically in the treatment and/or the prevention of MMP- or TNFα-mediated diseases.

BACKGROUND ART

[0003] Some piperazine compounds to be useful as metalloproteinase inhibitors, or the like are known (WO 97/20824, etc.).

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0004] One object of the present invention is to provide new and useful compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and to provide a process for preparing said new compound and salts thereof, which have pharmacological activities such as MMP- or TNFα-inhibitory activity and the like.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, said compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0006] A further object of the present invention is to provide use of said compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as medicaments for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of MMP- or TNF α-mediated diseases.

[0007] A still further object of the present invention is to provide a method for using the same for the treatment and/or the prevention of MMP- or TNFα-mediated diseases in mammals, especially humans.

[0008] The compounds of the present invention have inhibitory activity on MMP or the production of TNFα, and are useful for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases such as stroke, arthritis, cancer, tissue ulceration, decubitus ulcer, restenosis, periodontal disease, epidermolysis bullosa, scleritis, psoriasis and other diseases characterized by matrix metalloproteinase activity, as well as AIDS, sepsis, septic shock and other diseases caused by the production of TNFα.

[0009] There are a number of structurally related metalloproteases which effect the breakdown of structural proteins. Matrix-degrading metalloproteases, such as gelatinase (MMP-2, MMP-9), stromelysin (MMP-3) and collagenase (MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-13), are involved in tissue matrix degradation and have been implicated in many pathological conditions involving abnormal connective tissue and basement membrane matrix metabolism, such as arthritis (e.g., osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis), cerebral disease (e.g., stroke, etc.), tissue ulceration (e.g., corneal, epidermal and gastric ulcerations), abnormal wound healing, periodontal disease, bone disease (e.g., Paget's disease and osteoporosis), tumor metastasis or invasion and HIV-infection.

[0010] A tumor necrosis factor is recognized to be involved in many infections and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, it has been shown that TNF is the prime mediator of the inflammatory response seen in sepsis and septic shock.

[0011] The object compounds of the present invention are novel and can be represented by the following formula (I):

[0012] wherein

[0013] A is a sulfonyl or a carbonyl;

[0014] R¹ is an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted lower alkyl or an optionally substituted lower alkenyl;

[0015] R² is a hydrogen, an optionally substituted lower alkyl, an optionally substituted aryl or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group;

[0016] R³ is an optionally substituted lower alkyl, an optionally substituted lower alkoxy, an optionally substituted aryloxy, an optionally substituted lower alkenyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group or an optionally substituted amino:

[0017] R⁴ is a hydrogen, an optionally substituted lower alkyl, an optionally substituted aryl or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group;

[0018] R⁵ is a hydrogen, an optionally substituted lower alkyl, an optionally substituted aryl or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; and

[0019] R¹⁰ is a hydroxy or a protected hydroxy,

[0020] provided that when A-R³ is methylsulfonyl, then R¹ is an aryl substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, acylamino, lower alkylamino, carbamoyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, phenoxy, lower alkyl, aryl and heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted lower alkyl or an optionally substituted lower alkenyl, and the above-mentioned heterocyclic group is each selected from the group consisting of

[0021] unsaturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms,

[0022] saturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms,

[0023] unsaturated condensed 7- to 13-membered heterocyclic group containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms,

[0024] unsaturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms,

[0025] saturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms,

[0026] unsaturated condensed 7- to 13-membered heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms,

[0027] unsaturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms,

[0028] saturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms,

[0029] unsaturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing sulfur atom,

[0030] unsaturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing oxygen atom,

[0031] saturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing oxygen atom,

[0032] unsaturated condensed 7- to 13-membered heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms and

[0033] unsaturated condensed 7- to 13-membered heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms,

[0034] and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[0035] The object compounds of the present invention can be prepared by the following processes.

[0036] In the above formulas (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (X), (XI), (XII), (XIII), (XIV), (XV), (XVI), (XVIII), (XIX), (XX), (XXI) and (XXII), A, R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are as defined above, R^(10a), is a protected hydroxy, X is a leaving group, R^(1a) is a heterocyclic group having a substituent which is aryl substituted by acyloxy, R^(1b) is a heterocyclic group having a substituent which is aryl substituted by hydroxy, R^(1c) is a heterocyclic group having a substituent which is aryl substituted by cyanoalkyloxy, R^(1d) is a heterocyclic group having a substituent which is aryl substituted by alkoxycarbonylalkyloxy, R^(3a) is an alkyl substituted by halogen, R^(3b) is a di(lower)alkylamino(lower)alkyl, an N-containing heterocyclic-(lower)-alkyl or an optionally substituted heterocyclic-thio(lower)alkyl, R^(3c) is a protected carboxy(lower)alkyl or a protected carboxy(lower)alkylamino, R^(3d) is a carboxy(lower)alkyl or a carboxy(lower)alkylamino, R^(3e) is an N-containing heterocyclic-carbonyl(lower)alkyl, an optionally substituted amino-carbonyl(lower)alkyl or an optionally substituted amino-carbonyl(lower)alkylamino, R^(3f) is a hydroxy(lower)alkyl, and R¹¹ is a di(lower)alkylamino, an N-containing heterocyclic group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic-thiol. Heterocyclic group, aryl, acyl, alkyl, alkoxy, protected carboxy and halogen in the R^(1a), R^(1b), R^(1c), R^(1d), R^(3a), R^(3b), R^(3c), R^(3d), R^(3e), R^(3f) and R¹¹ are as defined below.

[0037] The starting compounds (II), (VI), (XIV) and (XVI) can be prepared according to the following Preparations or by a conventional method.

[0038] Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the object compounds may be conventional non-toxic salts and include an acid addition salt such as an organic acid salt (e.g., acetate, trifluoroacetate, maleate, tartrate, fumarate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, formate, toluenesulfonate, etc.), an inorganic acid salt (e.g., hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, etc.), or a salt with a base such as an amino acid (e.g., arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, etc.), an alkali metal salt (e.g., sodium salt, potassium salt, etc.), an alkaline earth metal salt (e.g., calcium salt, magnesium salt, etc.), an ammonium salt, an organic base salt (e.g., trimethylamine salt, triethylamine salt, pyridine salt, picoline salt, dicyclohexylamine salt, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine salt, etc.), or the like.

[0039] The object compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may include solvates such as enclosure compounds (e.g., hydrate, etc.).

[0040] Suitable examples and illustrations of the various definitions, which the present invention includes within its scope and which are shown in the above and subsequent descriptions of the present specification, are as follows.

[0041] Suitable “aryl” in the term “optionally substituted aryl” and “optionally substituted aryloxy” includes an aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, cumenyl, mesityl, naphthyl and the like, preferably phenyl, and may have one or more substituents. Examples of the substituents for substituted aryl are halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, acylamino, lower alkylamino, carbamoyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, aryloxy, lower alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclic group and the like, preferably halogen, nitro and lower alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, etc.).

[0042] Suitable “heterocyclic group” in the term “optionally substituted heterocyclic group” means saturated or unsaturated, 3- to 8-membered monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic group containing at least one hetero atom such as oxygen atom, sulfur atom, nitrogen atom and the like.

[0043] More preferable heterocyclic groups are:

[0044] unsaturated 3- to 8-membered, preferably 5- or 6-membered, heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl and its N-oxide, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl (e.g., 4H-1,2,4-triazolyl, 1H-1,2,3-triazolyl, 2H-1,2,3-triazolyl, etc.), tetrazolyl (e.g., 1H-tetrazolyl, 2H-tetrazolyl, etc.), dihydrotriazinyl (e.g., 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazinyl, 2,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazinyl, etc.), and the like;

[0045] saturated 3- to 8-membered, preferably 5- or 6-membered, heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperidino, pyrazolidinyl, piperazinyl, and the like;

[0046] unsaturated condensed 7- to 13-membered, preferably 9- or 10-membered, heterocyclic group containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, for example, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, tetrazolopyridyl, tetrazolopyridazinyl (e.g., tetrazolo[1,5-b)pyridazinyl, etc.), dihydrotriazolopyridazinyl, and the like;

[0047] unsaturated 3- to 8-membered, preferably 5- or 6-membered, heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, etc.), and the like;

[0048] saturated 3- to 8-membered, preferably 5- or 6-membered, heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, morpholinyl, morpholino, and the like;

[0049] unsaturated condensed 7- to 13-membered, preferably 9- or 10-membered, heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, and the like;

[0050] unsaturated 3- to 8-membered, preferably 5- or 6-membered, heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, thiazolyl, 1,2-thiazolyl, thiazolinyl, thiadiazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, etc.), and the like;

[0051] saturated 3- to 8-membered, preferably 5- or 6membered, heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, thiazolidinyl, and the like;

[0052] unsaturated 3- to 8-membered, preferably 5- or 6-membered, heteromonocyclic group containing sulfur atom, for example, thienyl, and the like;

[0053] unsaturated 3- to 8-membered, preferably 5- or 6-membered, heteromonocyclic group containing oxygen atom, for example, furyl, and the like;

[0054] saturated 3- to 8-membered, preferably 5- or 6-membered, heteromonocyclic group containing oxygen atom, for example, oxolanyl, and the like;

[0055] unsaturated condensed 7- to 13-membered, preferably 9- or 10-membered, heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, and the like;

[0056] unsaturated condensed 7- to 13-membered, preferably 9- or 10-membered, heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, for example, benzodihydrofuranyl, benzodioxolenyl, and the like;

[0057] The most preferable heterocyclic groups may be unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, saturated 5- or 6-membered, heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, saturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing a sulfur atom, and unsaturated 9- or 10-membered heterobicyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms.

[0058] These heterocyclic groups may have one or more substituents. Examples of the substituents for substituted heterocyclic group are halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, acylamino, lower alkylamino, carbamoyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, aryloxy, lower alkyl, aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, haloaryl, hydroxyaryl, lower alkoxyaryl, lower alkylaryl, nitroaryl, biphenylyl, aryloxyaryl, trihaloalkylaryl, cyano(lower)alkoxyaryl, cyanoaryl, cyano(lower)alkylaryl, lower alkanoyloxyaryl, lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkylaryl, di(lower)-alkylaminosulfonylaryl, hydroxy(lower)alkylaryl, lower alkoxycarbonylaryl, lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkoxyaryl, lower alkoxysulfonyloxyaryl, aryl substituted by halogen and hydroxy, aryl substituted by halogen and alkanoyloxy, aryl substituted by halogen and lower alkoxy, lower alkyl-heterocyclic group and aryl-heterocyclic group and the like, preferably halogen; phenyl; halophenyl; hydroxyphenyl; lower alkoxyphenyl; lower alkylphenyl; nitrophenyl; biphenylyl; phenoxyphenyl; trihalo(lower)alkylphenyl; cyano(lower)alkoxyphenyl; cyanophenyl; cyano(lower)alkylphenyl; lower alkanoyloxyphenyl; lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkylphenyl; di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylphenyl; hydroxy(lower)alkylphenyl; lower alkoxycarbonylphenyl; lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkoxyphenyl; lower alkoxysulfonyloxyphenyl; phenyl substituted by halogen and hydroxy, phenyl substituted by halogen and lower alkanoyloxy; phenyl substituted by halogen and lower alkoxy; heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of unsaturated 9- or 10-membered heterobicyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms,

[0059] unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms and

[0060] unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms;

[0061] and a lower alkyl- or (phenyl-)heterocyclic group, said heterocyclic group being unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms.

[0062] Suitable “lower alkyl” in the term “optionally substituted lower alkyl” is a straight or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and exemplified by methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl and the like, preferably methyl and propyl, which may have one or more substituents. Examples of the substituents for substituted alkyl are halogen, cyano, nitro, acylamino, carbamoyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted aryl, heterocyclic group, heterocyclic-carbonyl, lower alkylcarbamoyl, carboxy, protected carboxy, di(lower)alkylamino, lower alkylamino, protected amino, arylcarbonylamino, heterocyclic-carbonylamino, lower alkanoylamino, lower alkylsulfonylamino, di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylamino, heterocyclic-sulfonylamino, heterocyclic-thio, lower alkylheterocyclic-thio and the like, preferably halogen for R¹, and halogen, carbamoyl, heterocyclic group, heterocyclic-carbonyl, lower alkylcarbamoyl, carboxy, protected carboxy, di(lower)alkylamino, lower alkylamino, protected amino, arylcarbonylamino, heterocyclic-carbonylamino, lower alkanoylamino, lower alkylsulfonylamino, di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylamino, heterocyclic-sulfonylamino, heterocyclic-thio and lower alkyl-heterocyclic-thio for R³.

[0063] Suitable “lower alkenyl” in the term “optionally substituted lower alkenyl” is a straight or branched alkenyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and exemplified by ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl and the like, preferably ethenyl, which may have one or more substituents. Examples of the substituents for substituted alkyl are halogen, cyano, nitro, acylamino, lower alkylamino, carbamoyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted aryl, heterocyclic group, heterocyclic-carbonyl and the like, preferably aryl (e.g., phenyl, etc.) for R¹, and heterocyclic group (e.g., pyridyl, etc.) for R³.

[0064] Suitable “lower alkoxy” in the term “optionally substituted alkoxy” is a straight or branched alkenyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and exemplified by methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, tert-pentyloxy, hexyloxy and the like, preferably methoxy, which may have one or more substituents. Examples of the substituents for substituted alkoxy are halogen, cyano, nitro, acylamino, lower alkylamino, carbamoyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted aryl, heterocyclic group, heterocyclic-carbonyl and the like, preferably aryl (e.g., fluorenyl, etc.).

[0065] Suitable “optionally substituted amino” includes a group of the formula:

[0066] wherein R⁸ and R⁹ are the same or different and each is hydrogen, lower alkyl, carboxy(lower)alkyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkyl, carbamoyl(lower)alkyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, aryl or cyclo(lower)alkyl.

[0067] Suitable “protected hydroxy” includes hydroxy protected by a conventional protective group, for example, substituted lower alkoxy such as lower alkoxy(lower)alkoxy (e.g., methoxymethoxy), lower alkoxy(lower)alkoxy(lower)alkoxy (e.g., methoxyethoxymethoxy) and substituted or unsubstituted aryl(lower)alkoxy (e.g., benzyloxy, nitrobenzyloxy); acyloxy such as lower alkanoyloxy (e.g., acetoxy, propionyloxy, pivaloyloxy), aroyloxy (e.g., benzoyloxy, fluorenecarbonyloxy), lower alkoxycarbonyloxy (e.g., methoxycarbonyloxy, ethoxycarbonyloxy, propoxycarbonyloxy, isopropoxycarbonyloxy, butoxycarbonyloxy, isobutoxycarbonyloxy, tert-butoxycarbonyloxy, pentyloxycarbonyloxy, hexyloxycarbonyloxy), substituted or unsubstituted aryl(lower)alkoxycarbonyloxy (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyloxy, bromobenzyloxycarbonyloxy), arenesulfonyloxy (e.g., benzenesulfonyloxy, tosyloxy) and alkanesulfonyloxy (e.g., methanesulfonyloxy, ethanesulfonyloxy); tri(lower)alkylsilyloxy (e.g., trimethylsilyloxy); tetrahydropyranyloxy; and the like.

[0068] The term “lower” is intended to mean 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, unless otherwise indicated.

[0069] Suitable “halogen” includes fluorine, bromine, chlorine and iodine.

[0070] Suitable acyl moiety of “acylamino” includes acyl such as aliphatic acyl, aromatic acyl, heterocyclic acyl and aliphatic acyl substituted by aromatic or heterocyclic group(s) derived from carboxylic, carbonic, sulfonic and carbamic acids.

[0071] The aliphatic acyl includes saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic ones, for example, alkanoyl such as lower alkanoyl (e.g., formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butylyl, isobutylyl, valeryl, isovaleryl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl, etc.), alkylsulfonyl such as lower alkylsulfonyl (e.g., mesyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, isobutylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl, hexylsulfonyl, etc.), carbamoyl, N-alkylcarbamoyl (e.g., methylcarbamoyl, ethylcarbamoyl, etc.), alkoxycarbonyl such as lower alkoxycarbonyl (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, etc.), alkenyloxycarbonyl such as lower alkenyloxycarbonyl (e.g., vinyloxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl, etc.), alkenoyl such as lower alkenoyl (e.g., acryloyl, methacryloyl, crotonoyl, etc.), cycloalkanecarbonyl such as cyclo(lower)alkanecarbonyl (e.g., cyclopropanecarbonyl, cyclopentanecarbonyl, cyclohexanecarbonyl, etc.), and the like.

[0072] The aromatic acyl may include C₆-C₁₀ aroyl (e.g., benzoyl, toluoyl, xyloyl, etc.), N-(C₆-C₁₀)arylcarbamoyl (e.g., N-phenylcarbamoyl, N-tolylcarbamoyl, N-naphthylcarbamoyl, etc.), C₆-C₁₀ arenesulfonyl (e.g., benzenesulfonyl, tosyl, etc.), and the like.

[0073] The heterocyclic acyl may include heterocyclic-carbonyl (e.g., furoyl, thenoyl, nicotinoyl, isonicotinoyl, thiazolylcarbonyl, thiadiazolylcarbonyl, tetrazolylcarbonyl, etc.), and the like.

[0074] The aliphatic acyl substituted by aromatic group(s) may include aralkanoyl such as phenyl(lower)alkanoyl (e.g., phenylacetyl, phenylpropionyl, phenylhexanoyl, etc.), aralkoxycarbonyl such as phenyl(lower)alkoxycarbonyl (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl, phenethyloxycarbonyl, etc.), aryloxyalkanoyl such as phenoxy(lower)alkanoyl (e.g., phenoxyacetyl, phenoxypropionyl, etc.), and the like.

[0075] The aliphatic acyl substituted by heterocyclic group(s) may include heterocyclic-alkanoyl such as heterocyclic-(lower)alkanoyl (e.g., thienylacetyl, imidazolylacetyl, furylacetyl, tetrazolylacetyl, thiazolylacetyl, thiadiazolylacetyl, thienylpropionyl, thiadiazolylpropionyl, etc.), and the like.

[0076] These acyl groups may be further substituted by one or more suitable substituents such as nitro and the like, and preferable acyl having such substituent(s) may be nitroaralkoxycarbonyl (e.g., nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, etc.) and the like.

[0077] Suitable “lower alkyl” and lower alkyl moiety of “lower alkylamino”, “lower alkylaryl”, “trihaloalkylaryl”, “cyano(lower)alkylaryl”, “lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkylaryl”, “lower alkylsulfonyloxyaryl”, “di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylaryl”, “hydroxy(lower)alkylaryl”, “lower alkyl-heterocyclic group”, “lower alkylcarbamoyl”, “di(lower)alkylamino”, “lower alkylsulfonylamino”, “di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylamino”, “lower alkylheterocyclic-thio”, “carboxy(lower)alkyl” “lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkyl”, “carbamoyl(lower)alkyl” and “hydroxy(lower)alkyl” are the same as lower alkyl defined above with regard to “optionally substituted lower alkyl”.

[0078] Suitable “lower alkoxy” and lower alkoxy moiety of “lower alkoxyaryl”, “cyano(lower)alkoxyaryl”, “lower alkoxycarbonylaryl”, “lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkoxyaryl” and “lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkyl” are the same as alkoxy defined above with regard to “optionally substituted alkoxy”.

[0079] Suitable “aryl” and aryl moiety of “aryloxy”, “haloaryl”, “hydroxyaryl”, “lower alkoxyaryl”, “lower alkylaryl”, “nitroaryl”, “aryloxyaryl”, “trihaloalkylaryl”, “cyano(lower)alkoxyaryl”, “cyanoaryl”, “cyano(lower)alkylaryl”, “lower alkanoyloxyaryl”, “lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkylaryl”, “di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylaryl”, “hydroxy(lower)alkylaryl”, “lower alkoxycarbonylaryl”, “lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkoxyaryl”, “lower alkylsulfonyloxyaryl”, “aryl substituted by halogen and hydroxy”, “aryl substituted by halogen and alkanoyloxy”, “aryl substituted by halogen and lower alkoxy”, “aryl-heterocyclic group” and “arylcarbonylamino” are the same as aryl defined above with regard to “optionally substituted aryl”.

[0080] Suitable “heterocyclic group” of the substituent and heterocyclic group moiety of “heterocyclic carbonyl”, “lower alkyl-heterocyclic group”, “aryl-heterocyclic group”, “heterocyclic-carbonylamino”, “heterocyclic-sulfonylamino”, “heterocyclic-thio”, “lower alkyl-heterocyclic-thio”, “heterocyclic-(lower)alkyl” and “heterocyclic-thio” are the same as heterocyclic group defined above with regard to “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”.

[0081] Suitable halo moiety of “haloaryl” and “trihaloalkylaryl” is halogen defined above.

[0082] Suitable alkanoyl moiety of “lower alkanoyloxyaryl”, “lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkyl”, “alkanoyloxy” and “lower alkanoylamino” is a straight or branched alkanoyl having 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, carbon atoms. Such group includes, for example, formyl, acetyl, propionyl, isopropionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl and the like, preferably acetyl.

[0083] Suitable “protected carboxyl” includes esterified carboxy wherein “esterified carboxy” is as defined below.

[0084] Suitable examples of the ester moiety of the esterified carboxy are lower alkyl ester (e.g., methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester, isopropyl ester, butyl ester, isobutyl ester, tert-butyl ester, pentyl ester, hexyl ester, etc.) and the like, which may have at least one suitable substituent. Examples of the substituted lower alkyl ester are lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkyl ester (e.g., acetoxymethyl ester, propionyloxymethyl ester, butyryloxymethyl ester, valeryloxymethyl ester, pivaloyloxymethyl ester, hexanoyloxymethyl ester, 1-(or 2-)-acetoxyethyl ester, 1-(or 2- or 3-)acetoxypropyl ester, 1-(or 2- or 3- or 4-)acetoxybutyl ester, 1-(or 2-)propionyloxyethyl ester, 1-(or 2- or 3-)propionyloxypropyl ester, 1-(or 2-)butyryloxyethyl ester, 1-(or 2-)isobutyryloxyethyl ester, 1-(or 2-)pivaloyloxyethyl ester, 1-(or 2-)hexanoyloxyethyl ester, isobutyryloxymethylester, 2-ethylbutyryloxymethyl ester, 3,3-dimethylbutyryloxymethylester, 1-(or 2-)pentanoyloxyethyl ester, etc.], lower alkanesulfonyl(lower)alkyl ester (e.g., 2-mesylethyl ester, etc.), mono(or di or tri)halo-(lower)alkyl ester (e.g., 2-iodoethyl ester, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl ester, etc.); lower alkoxycarbonyloxy(lower)alkyl ester [e.g., methoxycarbonyloxymethyl ester, ethoxycarbonyloxymethyl ester, propoxycarbonyloxymethyl ester, tert-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl ester, 1-(or 2-)methoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester, 1-(or 2-)ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester, 1-(or 2-)isopropoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester, etc.], phthalidylidene(lower)alkyl ester, (5-lower alkyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)(lower)alkyl ester [e.g., (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl ester, (5-ethyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl ester, (5-propyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)ethyl ester, etc.]; lower alkenyl ester (e.g., vinyl ester, allyl ester, etc.); lower alkynyl ester (e.g., ethynyl ester, propynyl ester, etc.); ar(lower)alkyl ester which may have at least one suitable substituent (e.g., benzyl ester, 4-methoxybenzyl ester, 4-nitrobenzyl ester, phenethyl ester, trityl ester, benzhydryl ester, bis(methoxyphenyl)methyl ester, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl ester, 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl ester, etc.); aryl ester which may have at least one suitable substituent (e.g., phenyl ester, 4-chlorophenyl ester, tolyl ester, tert-butylphenyl ester, xylyl ester, mesityl ester, cumenyl ester, etc.); phthalidyl ester; and the like.

[0085] More preferable examples of the protected carboxy thus defined may be C₂-C₄ alkenyloxycarbonyl and phenyl(or nitrophenyl)(C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl, and the most preferable one may be ethoxycarbonyl.

[0086] Suitable “amino-protective group” includes “acyl” mentioned above.

[0087] More preferable examples of “amino-protective group” are C₂-C₄ alkoxycarbonyl and phenyl(or nitrophenyl)(C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl, and the most preferable one is tert-butoxycarbonyl.

[0088] Suitable “cyclo(lower)alkyl” is, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like.

[0089] Suitable “leaving group” includes halogen as mentioned above, acyloxy such as sulfonyloxy (e.g., mesyloxy, tosyloxy, etc.), alkoxy (e.g., tert-butoxy, etc.), aralkoxy (e.g., benzyloxy, etc.), and the like.

[0090] Of the object compounds (I),

[0091] (1) the preferred one may be the compound of the formula (I) wherein

[0092] R² is a hydrogen or an optionally substituted lower alkyl, and

[0093] R⁴ is a hydrogen or an optionally substituted lower alkyl,

[0094] (2) the more preferred one may be the compound of the formula (I) wherein

[0095] A is a sulfonyl or a carbonyl;

[0096] R¹ is an aryl optionally substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, acylamino, lower alkylamino, carbamoyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, phenoxy, lower alkyl, aryl and heterocyclic group;

[0097] a heterocyclic group optionally substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, acylamino, lower alkylamino, carbamoyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, aryloxy, lower alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic group, haloaryl, hydroxyaryl, lower alkoxyaryl, lower alkylaryl, nitroaryl, biphenylyl, aryloxyaryl, trihaloalkylaryl, cyano(lower)alkoxyaryl, cyanoaryl, cyano(lower)alkylaryl, lower alkanoyloxyaryl, lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkylaryl, di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylaryl, hydroxy(lower)alkylaryl, lower alkoxycarbonylaryl, lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkoxyaryl, lower alkylsulfonyloxyaryl, aryl substituted by halogen and hydroxy, aryl substituted by halogen and alkanoyloxy, aryl substituted by halogen and lower alkoxy, lower alkyl-heteromonocyclic group and aryl-heterocyclic group; a lower alkyl optionally substituted by halogen; or a lower alkenyl optionally substituted by aryl;

[0098] R² is a hydrogen or an optionally substituted lower alkyl;

[0099] R³ is a lower alkyl optionally substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, heterocyclic group, carbamoyl, lower alkylcarbamoyl, carboxy, protected carboxy, heterocyclic-carbonyl, di(lower)alkylamino, protected amino, arylcarbonylamino, heterocyclic-carbonylamino, lower alkanoylamino, lower alkylsulfonylamino, di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylamino, heterocyclic-sulfonyl amino, heterocyclic-thio, lower alkylheterocyclic-thio and heterocyclic-thio; a lower alkoxy; an aryloxy; an aryl(lower)alkoxy; an optionally substituted lower alkenyl; an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; or a group of the formula:

[0100] wherein R⁸ and R⁹ are the same or different and each is hydrogen, lower alkyl, carboxy(lower)alkyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkyl, carbamoyl(lower)alkyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, aryl, cyclo(lower)alkyl or heterocyclic-(lower)alkyl;

[0101] R is a hydrogen or an optionally substituted lower alkyl;

[0102] R⁵ is a hydrogen, an optionally substituted lower alkyl, an optionally substituted aryl or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group and

[0103] R¹⁰ is a hydroxy or a protected hydroxy; and

[0104] (3) the most preferred one may be the compound of the formula (I) wherein

[0105] A is a sulfonyl or a carbonyl;

[0106] R¹ is a thienyl substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, phenyl, halophenyl, hydroxyphenyl, lower alkoxyphenyl, lower alkylphenyl, nitrophenyl, biphenylyl, phenoxyphenyl, trihalo(lower)alkylphenyl, cyano(lower)alkoxyphenyl, cyanophenyl, cyano(lower)alkylphenyl, lower alkanoyloxyphenyl, lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkylphenyl, di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylphenyl, hydroxy(lower)alkylphenyl, lower alkoxycarbonylphenyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkoxyphenyl, lower alkylsulfonyloxyphenyl, phenyl substituted by halogen and hydroxy, phenyl substituted by halogen and lower alkanoyloxy, phenyl substituted by halogen and lower alkoxy, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyridyl, benzodihydrofuranyl, benzodioxolenyl, lower alkyloxadiazolyl and phenyloxadiazolyl, a thiazolyl substituted by phenyl or a thiadiazolyl substituted by phenyl;

[0107] R² is a hydrogen;

[0108] R³ is a lower alkyl, a halo(lower)alkyl, a morpholinyl(lower)alkyl, a piperidinyl(lower)alkyl, a pyridyl(lower)alkyl, a carbamoyl(lower)alkyl, a lower alkylcarbamoyl(lower)alkyl, a carboxy(lower)alkyl, a phenyl(lower)alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkyl, a morpholinylcarbonyl(lower)alkyl, a di(lower)alkylamino(lower)alkyl, a phenyl(lower)alkoxycarbonylamino(lower)alkyl, a lower alkoxycarbonylamino(lower)alkyl, a benzoylamino(lower)alkyl, a pyridyl-carbonylamino(lower)alkyl, a lower alkanoylamino(lower)alkyl, a lower alkylsulfonylamino(lower)alkyl, a di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylamino(lower)alkyl, a pyridyl-sulfonylamino(lower)alkyl, a triazolylthio(lower)alkyl, an imidazolylthio(lower)alkyl, a thiazolylthio(lower)alkyl, a benzimidazolylthio(lower)alkyl, a lower alkyltriazolylthio(lower)alkyl, a lower alkoxy, a fluorenyl(lower)alkoxy, a phenoxy, a pyridyl(lower)alkenyl, a pyridyl, a piperidinyl, a thienyl substituted by oxazolyl, a mono-(or di-) (lower)alkylamino , a carboxy(lower)alkylamino, a lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkylamino, an N-(lower)alkyl-N-(lower)alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkylamino, a carbamoyl(lower)alkylamino, a hydroxy(lower)alkylamino, a phenylamino or a cyclo(lower)alkylamino;

[0109] R⁴ is a hydrogen;

[0110] R⁵ is a hydrogen and

[0111] R¹⁰ is a hydroxy.

[0112] The processes for preparing the object compounds are explained in detail in the following.

[0113] Process 1

[0114] The compound (IV) or a salt thereof can be prepared by reacting the compound (II) or a salt thereof with the compound (III) or a salt thereof.

[0115] Suitable salts of the compounds (II), (III) and (IV) may be the same as those exemplified with respect to the compound (I).

[0116] The reaction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent such as water, acetone, dioxane, acetonitrile, chloroform, methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylformamide, pyridine and dichloromethane, a mixture thereof, or any other organic solvents which do not adversely affect the reaction.

[0117] This reaction can be carried out in the presence of an organic or inorganic base such as alkali metal (e.g., lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.), alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium, etc.), alkali metal hydride (e.g., sodium hydride, etc.), alkaline earth metal hydride (e.g., calcium hydride, etc.), alkali metal hydroxide (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), alkali metal carbonate (e.g., sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal bicarbonate (e.g., sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, etc.), alkali metal alkoxide (e.g., sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, etc.), alkali metal alkanoic acid (e.g., sodium acetate, etc.), trialkylamine (e.g., triethylamine, etc.), pyridine compound (e.g., pyridine, lutidine, picoline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, etc.), quinoline, lithium diisopropylamide, and the like.

[0118] The reaction temperature is not critical, and the reaction is usually carried out under cooling to heating.

[0119] Process 2

[0120] The compound (V) and a salt thereof can be prepared by eliminating the hydroxy protective group of the compound (IV) or a salt thereof.

[0121] Suitable salts of the compounds (IV) and (V) may be the same as those exemplified above with regard to the compound (I).

[0122] Suitable method of this elimination reaction includes conventional ones such as hydrolysis, reduction and the like.

[0123] The hydrolysis is preferably carried out in the presence of a base or an acid including Lewis acid.

[0124] Suitable base includes an inorganic base and an organic base such as an alkali metal (e.g., sodium, potassium, etc.), an alkaline earth metal (e.g., magnesium, calcium, etc.), the hydroxide or carbonate or hydrogencarbonate thereof, trialkylamine (e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, etc.), picoline, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-one, and the like.

[0125] Suitable acid includes an organic acid (e.g., formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, etc.), and an inorganic acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, etc.).

[0126] The elimination using Lewis acid such as trihaloacetic acid (e.g., trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, etc.) and the like is preferably carried out in the presence of cation trapping agent (e.g., anisole, phenol, etc.). This reaction is usually carried out without solvent.

[0127] Alternatively, the reaction may be carried out in a conventional solvent such as water, alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.), tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, methylene chloride, ethylene dichloride, chloroform, N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide, a mixture thereof, or any other organic solvents which do not adversely affect the reaction.

[0128] The reaction temperature is not critical and the reaction is usually carried out under cooling to warming.

[0129] The reduction is carried out in a conventional manner, including chemical reduction and catalytic reduction.

[0130] Suitable reducing reagents to be used in chemical reduction are a hydride (e.g., hydrogen iodide, hydrogen sulfide, lithium aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, etc.), or a combination of a metal (e.g., tin, zinc, iron, etc.) or a metallic compound (e.g., chromium chloride, chromium acetate, etc.) and an organic acid or an inorganic acid (e.g., formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, etc.).

[0131] Suitable catalyst to be used in catalytic reduction is conventional one such as platinum catalyst (e.g., platinum plate, spongy platinum, platinum black, colloidal platinum, platinum oxide, platinum wire, etc.), palladium catalyst (e.g., spongy palladium, palladium black, palladium oxide, palladium on carbon, colloidal palladium, palladium on barium sulfate, palladium on barium carbonate, etc.), nickel catalyst (e.g., reduced nickel, nickel oxide, Raney nickel, etc.), cobalt catalyst (e.g., reduced cobalt, Raney cobalt, etc.), iron catalyst (e.g., reduced iron, Raney iron, Ullman iron, etc.), and the like.

[0132] The reduction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent such as water, alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.), tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, methylene chloride, ethylene dichloride, chloroform, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and cyclohexane, a mixture thereof, or any other organic solvents which do not adversely affect the reaction.

[0133] When the above-mentioned acids to be used in chemical reduction are liquid, they can also be used as a solvent.

[0134] The reaction temperature of this reduction is not critical and the reaction is usually carried out under cooling to warming.

[0135] Process 3

[0136] The compound (IV) or a salt thereof can be prepared by reacting the compound (VI) or its reactive derivative at the carboxy group, or a salt thereof, with the compound (VII) or its reactive derivative at the amino group, or a salt thereof.

[0137] Suitable salts of the compounds (VI) and (VII) may be the same as those exemplified for the compound (I).

[0138] The reaction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent such as water, acetone, dioxane, acetonitrile, chloroform, methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylformamide, pyridine and dichloromethane, a mixture thereof, or any other organic solvents which do not adversely affect the reaction.

[0139] This reaction can be carried out in the presence of an organic or inorganic base such as alkali metal (e.g., lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.), alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium, etc.), alkali metal hydride (e.g., sodium hydride, etc.), alkaline earth metal hydride (e.g., calcium hydride, etc.), alkali metal hydroxide (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), alkali metal carbonate (e.g., sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal bicarbonate (e.g., sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, etc.), alkali metal alkoxide (e.g., sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, etc.), alkali metal alkanoic acid (e.g., sodium acetate, etc.), trialkylamine (e.g., triethylamine, etc.), pyridine compound (e.g., pyridine, lutidine, picoline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, etc.), quinoline, lithium diisopropylamide, and the like.

[0140] Suitable reactive derivative at the amino group of the compound (VII) may include Schiff's base type imino or its tautomeric enamine type isomer formed by the reaction of the compound (VII) with a carbonyl compound such as aldehyde, ketone or the like; a silyl derivative formed by the reaction of the compound (VII) with a silyl compound such as bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, mono(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, bis(trimethylsilyl)urea or the like; a derivative formed by the reaction of the compound (VII) with phosphorus trichloride or phosgene, and the like.

[0141] Suitable reactive derivative at the carboxy group of the compound (VI) may include an acid halide, an acid anhydride, an activated amide, an activated ester, and the like. Suitable examples of the reactive derivative may be an acid chloride; an acid azide; a mixed acid anhydride with acid such as substituted phosphoric acid (e.g., dialkylphosphoric acid, phenylphosphoric acid, diphenylphosphoric acid, dibenzylphosphoric acid, halogenated phosphoric acid, etc.), dialkylphosphorous acid, sulfurous acid, thiosulfuric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid (e.g., methanesulfonic acid, etc.), aliphatic carboxylic acid (e.g., acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, pivalic acid, pentanoic acid, isopentanoic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, trichloroacetic acid, etc.) or aromatic carboxylic acid (e.g., benzoic acid, etc.); a symmetrical acid anhydride; an activated amide with imidazole, 4-substituted imidazole, dimethylpyrazole, triazole or tetrazole; or an activated ester (e.g., cyanomethyl ester, methoxymethyl ester, dimethyliminomethyl [(CH₃)₂N⁺═CH—] ester, vinyl ester, propargyl ester, p-nitrophenyl ester, 2,4-dinitrophenyl ester, trichlorophenyl ester, pentachlorophenyl ester, mesylphenyl ester, phenyl azophenyl ester, phenyl thioester, p-nitrophenyl thioester, p-cresyl thioester, carboxymethyl thioester, pyranyl ester, pyridyl ester, piperidyl ester, 8-quinolyl thioester, etc.), or an ester with a N-hydroxy compound (e.g., N,N-dimethylhydroxylamine, 1-hydroxy-2-(1H)-pyridone, N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxyphthalimide, 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole, etc.), and the like. These reactive derivative can be optionally be selected from them according to the kind of the compound (VI) to be used.

[0142] The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a conventional condensing agent such as N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; N-cyclohexyl-N′-morpholinoethylcarbodiimide; N-cyclohexyl-N′-(4-diethylaminocyclohexyl)carbodiimide; N,N′-diethylcarbodiimide; N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide; N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide; N,N′-carbonylbis-(2-methylimidazole); pentamethyleneketene-N-cyclohexylimine; diphenylketene-N-cyclohexylimine; ethoxyacetylene; 1-alkoxy-1-chloroethylene; trialkyl phosphite; ethyl polyphosphate; isopropyl polyphosphate; phosphorus oxychloride (phosphoryl chloride); phosphorus trichloride; diphenyl phosphorylazide; thionyl chloride; oxalyl chloride; lower alkyl haloformate (e.g., ethyl chloroformate, isopropyl chloroformate); triphenylphosphine; 2-ethyl-7-hydroxybenzisoxazolium salt; 2-ethyl-5-(m-sulfophenyl)isoxazolium hydroxide intramolecular salt; 1-(p-chlorobenzenesulfonyloxy)-6-chloro-1H-benzotriazole; 1-hydroxybenzotriazole; or so-called Vilsmeier reagent prepared by the reaction of N,N-dimethylforamide with thionyl chloride, phosgene, trichloromethyl chloroformate, phosphorus oxychloride or oxalyl chloride.

[0143] The reaction temperature is not critical, and the reaction is usually carried out under cooling.

[0144] Process 4

[0145] The compound (X) or a salt thereof can be prepared by reacting the compound (VIII) or a salt thereof with the compound (IX) or a salt thereof.

[0146] Suitable salts of the compounds (VIII), (IX) and (X) may be the same as those exemplified for the compound (I).

[0147] The reaction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent such as water, acetone, dioxane, acetonitrile, chloroform, methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylformamide, pyridine and dichloromethane, a mixture thereof, or any other organic solvents which do not adversely affect the reaction.

[0148] This reaction can be carried out in the presence of an organic or inorganic base such as alkali metal (e.g., lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.), alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium, etc.), alkali metal hydride (e.g., sodium hydride, etc.), alkaline earth metal hydride (e.g., calcium hydride, etc.), alkali metal hydroxide (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), alkali metal carbonate (e.g., sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal bicarbonate (e.g., sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, etc.), alkali metal alkoxide (e.g., sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, etc.), alkali metal alkanoic acid (e.g., sodium acetate, etc.), trialkylamine (e.g., triethylamine, etc.), pyridine compound (e.g., pyridine, lutidine, picoline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, etc.), quinoline, lithium diisopropylamide, and the like.

[0149] The reaction is carried out in the presence of alkali metal halide (e.g., sodium iodide, potassium iodide, etc.), alkali metal thiocyanate (e.g., sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, etc.), di(lower)alkyl azodicarboxylate (e.g., diethyl azodicarboxylate, diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, etc.), and the like.

[0150] The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a conventional condensing agent such as N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; N-cyclohexyl-N′-morpholinoethylcarbodiimide; N-cyclohexyl-N′-(4-diethylaminocyclohexyl)carbodiimide; N,N′-diethylcarbodiimide; N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide; N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide; N,N′-carbonylbis-(2-methylimidazole); pentamethyleneketene-N-cyclohexylimine; diphenylketene-N-cyclohexylimine; ethoxyacetylene; 1-alkoxy-1-chloroethylene; trialkyl phosphite; ethyl polyphosphate; isopropyl polyphosphate; phosphorus oxychloride (phosphoryl chloride); phosphorus trichloride; diphenyl phosphorylazide; thionyl chloride; oxalyl chloride; lower alkyl haloformate (e.g., ethyl chloroformate, isopropyl chloroformate); triphenylphosphine; 2-ethyl-7-hydroxybenzisoxazolium salt; 2-ethyl-5-(m-sulfophenyl) isoxazolium hydroxide intramolecular salt; 1-(p-chlorobenzenesulfonyloxy)-6-chloro-1H-benzotriazole; 1-hydroxybenzotriazole; or so-called Vilsmeier reagent prepared by the reaction of N,N-dimethylforamide with thionyl chloride, phosgene, trichloromethyl chloroformate, phosphorus oxychloride or oxalyl chloride.

[0151] The reaction temperature is not critical, and the reaction is usually carried out under cooling.

[0152] Process 5

[0153] The compound (XII) or a salt thereof can be prepared by eliminating the hydroxy protective group of the compound (XI) or a salt thereof.

[0154] Suitable salts of the compounds (XI) and (XII) may be the same as those exemplified for the compound (I).

[0155] The reaction of this process can be carried out in a manner similar to that in Process 2.

[0156] Process 6

[0157] The compound (XIII) or a salt thereof can be prepared by subjecting the compound (XII) or a salt thereof to amidation reaction.

[0158] Suitable salts of the compounds (XII) and (XIII) may be the same as those exemplified for the compound (I).

[0159] The reaction of this process can be carried out in a manner similar to that in Process 4.

[0160] Process 7

[0161] The compound (IV) or a salt thereof can be prepared by reacting the compound (XIV) or a salt thereof with the compound (XV) or a salt thereof.

[0162] Suitable salts of the compounds (XIV) and (XV) may be the same as those exemplified for the compound (I).

[0163] The reaction of this process can be carried out in a manner similar to that in Process 1.

[0164] Process 8

[0165] The compound (XVIII) or a salt thereof can be prepared by reacting the compound (XVI) or a salt thereof with the compound (XVII) or its reactive derivative at the carboxy group, or a salt thereof.

[0166] Suitable salts of the compounds (XVI), (XVII) and (XVIII) may be the same as those exemplified for the compound (I).

[0167] Suitable reactive derivative at the amino group of the compound (XVII) may include Schiff's base type imino or its tautomeric enamine type isomer formed by the reaction of the compound (XVII) with a carbonyl compound such as aldehyde, ketone or the like; a silyl derivative formed by the reaction of the compound (XVII) with a silyl compound such as bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, mono(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, bis(trimethylsilyl)urea or the like; a derivative formed by the reaction of the compound (XVII) with phosphorus trichloride or phosgene, and the like.

[0168] The reaction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent such as water, acetone, dioxane, acetonitrile, chloroform, methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylformamide, pyridine and dichloromethane, a mixture thereof, or any other organic solvents which do not adversely affect the reaction.

[0169] This reaction can be carried out in the presence of an organic or inorganic base such as alkali metal (e.g., lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.), alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium, etc.), alkali metal hydride (e.g., sodium hydride, etc.), alkaline earth metal hydride (e.g., calcium hydride, etc.), alkali metal hydroxide (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), alkali metal carbonate (e.g., sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal bicarbonate (e.g., sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, etc.), alkali metal alkoxide (e.g., sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, etc.), alkali metal alkanoic acid (e.g., sodium acetate, etc.), trialkylamine (e.g., triethylamine, etc.), pyridine compound (e.g., pyridine, lutidine, picoline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, etc.), quinoline, lithium diisopropylamide, and the like.

[0170] The reaction is carried out in the presence of alkali metal halide (e.g., sodium iodide, potassium iodide, etc.), alkali metal thiocyanate (e.g., sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, etc.), di(lower)alkyl azodicarboxylate (e.g., diethyl azodicarboxylate, diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, etc.), and the like.

[0171] The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a conventional condensing agent such as N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; N-cyclohexyl-N′-morpholinoethylcarbodiimide; N-cyclohexyl-N′-(4-diethylaminocyclohexyl)carbodiimide; N,N′-diethylcarbodiimide; N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide; N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide; N,N′-carbonylbis-(2-methylimidazole); pentamethyleneketene-N-cyclohexylimine; diphenylketene-N-cyclohexylimine; ethoxyacetylene; 1-alkoxy-1-chloroethylene; trialkyl phosphite; ethyl polyphosphate; isopropyl polyphosphate; phosphorus oxychloride (phosphoryl chloride); phosphorus trichloride; diphenyl phosphorylazide; thionyl chloride; oxalyl chloride; lower alkyl haloformate (e.g., ethyl chloroformate, isopropyl chloroformate); triphenylphosphine; 2-ethyl-7-hydroxybenzisoxazolium salt; 2-ethyl-5-(m-sulfophenyl)isoxazolium hydroxide intramolecular salt; 1-(p-chlorobenzenesulfonyloxy)-6-chloro-1H-benzotriazole; 1-hydroxybenzotriazole; or so-called Vilsmeier reagent prepared by the reaction of N,N-dimethylforamide with thionyl chloride, phosgene, trichloromethyl chloroformate, phosphorus oxychloride or oxalyl chloride.

[0172] The reaction temperature is not critical, and the reaction is usually carried out under cooling.

[0173] Process 9

[0174] The compound (XX) or a salt thereof can be prepared by eliminating the hydroxy protective group of the compound (XIX) or a salt thereof.

[0175] Suitable salts of the compounds (XIX) and (XX) may be the same as those exemplified for the compound (I).

[0176] The reaction of this process can be carried out in a manner similar to that in Process 2.

[0177] Process 10

[0178] The compound (XXII) or a salt thereof can be prepared by subjecting the compound (XXI) or a salt thereof to solvolysis.

[0179] Suitable salts of the compounds (XXII) and (XXI) may be the same as those exemplified for the compound (I).

[0180] The solvolysis is carried out in a conventional solvent such as water, alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, etc.), a mixture thereof, or any other organic solvents which do not adversely affect the reaction.

[0181] The reaction temperature is not critical, and the reaction is usually carried out under cooling to heating.

[0182] The compounds obtained can be isolated and purified by a conventional method such as pulverization, recrystallization, column chromatography, reprecipitation and the like.

[0183] The object compounds can be transformed into their salts in a conventional manner.

[0184] It is to be noted that the object compounds may include one or more stereoisomers due to asymmetric carbon atoms, and all of such isomers and mixtures thereof are included within the scope of this invention.

[0185] Collagenases initiate the degradation of collagen in vertebrates and, in addition to their normal function in the metabolism of connective tissue and wound healing, they have been implicated to be involved in a number of pathological conditions such as joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, periodontal disease, corneal ulceration, tumor metastasis, osteoarthritis, decubitus restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angiopsty, osteoporosis, proriasis, chronic active heatitis, autoimmune keratitis, and the like, and therefore the compounds of the present invention are useful for treating and/or preventing such pathological conditions.

[0186] For therapeutic purposes, the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof of the present invention can be used in the form of a pharmaceutical preparation containing, as an active ingredient, one of said compounds in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as an organic or inorganic solid or liquid excipient suitable for oral, parenteral or external administration. The pharmaceutical preparations may be capsules, tablets, dragees, granules, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, sublingual tablets, suppositories, ointments, and the like. If desired, there may be included, in these preparations, auxiliary substances, stabilizing agents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, buffers and other commonly used additives.

[0187] While the dose of the compound will vary depending upon the age and condition of patient and the like, in the case of intravenous administration, a daily dose of 0.01-100 mg of the active ingredient per kg weight of a human being, and in the case of intramuscular administration, a daily dose of 0.05-100 mg of the same per kg weight of a human being, or in the case of oral administration, a daily dose of 0.1-100 mg of the same per kg weight of a human being, is generally given for the treatment of MMP or TNFα mediated diseases.

[0188] In order to illustrate the usefulness of the object compound, the pharmacological test data of a representative compound of the compound are shown in the following.

[0189] Inhibitory Activity of Collagenase

[0190] 1. Test Method

[0191] Human collagenase was prepared from the culture medium of human skin fibroblast stimulated with interleukin-1 β (1 ng/ml). Latent collagenase was activated by incubation with trypsin (200 μg/ml) at 37° C. for 60 minutes and the reaction was stopped by adding soybean trypsin inhibitor (800 μg/ml). Collagenase activity was determined using FTTC-labeled calf skin type I collagen. FTTC-collagen (2.5 mg/ml) was incubated at 37° C. for 120 minutes with the activated collagenase and test compound in 50 mM Tris buffer (containing 5 mM CaCl₂, 200 mM NaCl and 0.02% NaN₃, pH 7.5). After stopping the enzyme reaction by adding the equal volume of 70% ethanol-200 mM Tris buffer (pH 9.5), the reaction mixture was centrifuged, and collagenase activity was estimated by measuring the fluorescence intensity of supernatant at 495 nm (excitation) and 520 nm (emission).

[0192] 2. Test Compound

[0193] Compound of Example 5

[0194]3. Test Result Test Compound Inhibitory activity Example 5 95.3% at 1 × 10⁻⁶M

[0195] The following examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the present invention in detail.

[0196] Preparation 1

[0197] To a solution of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (100 g) in ethanol (EtOH, 1000 ml) was added conc. sulfuric acid (45 ml) at room temperature. After refluxing for 8 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (AcOEt, 1500 ml) and water (H₂O, 1000 ml), and sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO₃) was added to adjust the pH of the mixture to 8. The aqueous layer was extracted with AcOEt (1000 ml), and the combined organic layer was washed with brine and dried over magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄). The solution was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was crystallized from hexane (1000 ml) to give 111.2 g of ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate.

[0198] m.p.: 48-49° C.

[0199] Preparation 2

[0200] A solution of ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (60 g) in EtOH (500 ml) was subjected to catalytic reduction using palladium hydroxide on carbon (5.0 g), in hydrogen at 3 atm for 4 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 62.8 g of ethyl 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazine-2-carboxylate as an oil.

[0201] Preparation 3

[0202] To a solution of ethyl 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazine-2-carboxylate (61.5 g) in acetonitrile (MeCN, 500 ml) was added a solution of ditert-butyl dicarbonate (85.9 g) in MeCN (100 ml) under cooling on an ice bath. After stirring for 5 hours at room temperature, the solution was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in AcOEt (1500 ml). The solution was washed with 5% hydrogen chloride (HCl) solution, 1M NaHCO₃ solution and brine, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was crystallized from AcOEt (100 ml) and diethyl ether (Et₂O, 600 ml) to give 77.7 g of ethyl 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazine-2-carboxylate.

[0203] m.p. : 127-129° C.

[0204] Mass (ESI+): 257 (M+H)

[0205]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0206] 1.28(3H, t, J=7.5Hz), 1.49(9H, s), 3.28-3.34(2H, m),

[0207] 3.46-3.58(2H, m), 4.19(2H, q, J=7.5Hz), 4.40-4.52(1H, m),

[0208] 7.06(1H, d, J=7.0Hz)

[0209] Preparation 4

[0210] A solution of ethyl 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazine-2-carboxylate (69.0 g) in acetic acid (AcOH, 500 ml) was subjected to catalytic reduction using platinum dioxide (4.0 g) at 40° C. in hydrogen at 3 atm for 4 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in H₂O (800 ml) and the solution was washed with Et₂O (500 ml×2). To the aqueous layer was added NaHCO₃ to adjust the pH of the solution to 8 and the solution was extracted with AcOEt (800 ml×2). The combined organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and brine, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give 62.8 g of ethyl 1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperazine-2-carboxylate as an oil.

[0211] Mass (ESI+) : 259 (M+H)

[0212]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0213] 1.30(3H, t, J=7.5Hz), 1.45(4.5H, s), 1.48(4.5H, s),

[0214] 2.63-2.68(1H, m), 2.83-3.22(3H, m), 3.43-3.59(1H, m),

[0215] 3.70-3.91(1H, m), 4.14-4.30(2H, m), 4.42-4.70(1H,m)

[0216] Preparation 5

[0217] To a solution of ethyl 1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperazine-2-carboxylate (117.5 g, 455 mmol) in EtOH (1.53 l) was added powdered (L)-tartaric acid (37.5 g, 250 mmol, 0.55 eq) at 65° C. After complete dissolution (15 minutes), seed crystals were added. The mixture was stirred at 70-75° C. for 30 minutes to allow precipitation of crystals. After cooling to ambient temperature over 2 hours, the mixture was further stirred for 3 hours. The resulting solid was recovered, washed with EtOH (100 ml, 50 ml×2) and dried for one day to give 71.1 g (174 mmol) of (2R)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxycarbonylpiperazine (2R,3R)-(+)-tartrate.

[0218] [α] _(D) ²⁰=62.1° (c=1.17, H₂O)

[0219]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ) 1.20(3H, t, J=7.5Hz), 1.35(5H, s), 1.40(4H, s), 2.48-2.62(1H, m), 2.78-3.09(3H, m), 3.30-3.40(1H, m), 3.61-3.71(1H, m), 4.05-4.20(2H, m), 4.19(2H, s), 4.44-2.57(1H, m)

[0220] Preparation 6

[0221] A suspension of (2R)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxycarbonylpiperazine (2R,3R)-(+)-tartrate (18 g) in AcOEt (400 ml) was washed with 1M aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (500 ml) and brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give (2R)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxycarbonylpiperazine as crystals.

[0222] m.p. : 47-48° C.

[0223] [α] _(D) ²⁰=+66.3° [c=1.0, methanol(MeOH)]

[0224] Mass (ESI+) : 259.2 (M+H)

[0225]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0226] 1.29(3H, t, J=7.5Hz), 1.45(4.5H, s), 1.48(4.5H, s),

[0227] 2.63-2.68(1H, m), 2.83-3.22(3H, m), 3.43-3.59(1H, m),

[0228] 3.70-3.91(1H, m), 4.14-4.30(2H, m), 4.42-4.70(1H, m)

[0229] Preparation 7

[0230] A mixture of (2R)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxycarbonylpiperazine (1.67 g) and 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide (9.53 ml) in dioxane (16 ml) was stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature. The mixture was adjusted to pH 5 with 1N HCl on an ice bath. To the mixture was added sodium carbonate (1.35 g), and then methanesulfonyl chloride (873 mg) dropwise on an ice bath. After stirring at the same temperature for 2 hours, the resulting mixture was acidified with 4N HCl, and extracted with AcOEt. The extract was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give 1.95 g of (2R)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-carboxylic acid as an amorphous powder.

[0231] Mass (ESI) : 307 (M−1)

[0232]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0233] 1.39(5H, s), 1.42(4H, s), 2.67-2.78(1H, m), 2.78-2.90(4H, m),

[0234] 2.90-3.20(2H, m), 3.34-3.57(1H, m), 3.79-4.00(1H, m),

[0235] 4.60-4.72(1H, m)

[0236] Preparation 8

[0237] To a mixture of (2R)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-carboxylic acid (1.95 g), O-benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.51 g) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT, 1.03 g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 20 ml) was added triethylamine (191 mg) on an ice bath. To the mixture was added dropwise 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (WSCD, 1.18 g) at a temperature below 6° C. After stirring at the same temperature for 4 hours, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned by dissolving same in AcOEt and H₂O. The organic layer was washed with 2.5% aqueous citric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained oil was purified by chromatography on silica gel (SiO₂) [eluent: from 0.5 to 1.5% MeOH-chloroform (CHCl₃)] to give 1.35 g of (2R)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-(N-benzyloxy)carboxamide as an amorphous powder.

[0238] Mass (ESI) : 412 (M−1)

[0239]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0240] 1.43(9H, s), 2.78-3.02(7H, m), 3.60-3.70(1H, m),

[0241] 4.16-4.23(1H, m), 4.62-4.70(1H, m), 4.89(1H, d, J=10.5Hz),

[0242] 4.98(1H, d, J=10.5Hz), 7.35-7.41(5H, m)

[0243] Preparation 9

[0244] To a solution of (2R)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-(N-benzyloxy)carboxamide (1.34 g) in AcOEt (6.5 ml) was added 4N HCl-AcOEt (6.5 ml) at ambient temperature. The suspension was stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours and concentrated in vacuo to give 1.20 g of (2R)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-(N-benzyloxy)carboxamide hydrochloride as a solid.

[0245] Mass (ESI) : 248 (M−1)

[0246]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0247] 3.00-3.07(4H, m), 3.07-3.16(2H, m), 3.27-3.40(1H, m),

[0248] 3.58-3.67(1H, m), 3.74-3.83(1H, m), 3.93(1H, dd, J=4, 9Hz),

[0249] 4.85(2H, s), 7.38-7.45(5H, m)

EXAMPLE 1

[0250] To a mixture of (2R)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-(N-benzyloxy)-carboxamide hydrochloride (1.34 g) and pyridine (13.5 ml) was added 4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (910 mg) at ambient temperature. After stirring for 2 hours, the mixture was concentrated. The residue was partitioned by dissolving same in AcOEt and H₂O. The organic layer was washed with 5% aqueous citric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on SiO₂ (eluent: from 0.5 to 1% MeOH-CHCl₃) to give 1.46 g of (2R)-4-methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)piperazine-2-(N-benzyloxy)carboxamide as an amorphous powder.

[0251] Mass (ESI) : 482 (M−1)

[0252]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) :

[0253] 2.48-2.61(2H, m), 2.88(3H, s), 2.95-3.09(1H, m),

[0254] 3.45-3.55(1H, m), 3.73-3.82(1H, m), 3.90(3H, s),

[0255] 4.12-4.20(1H, m), 4.44-4.51(1H, m), 4.89(1H, d, J=10Hz),

[0256] 4.99(1H, d, J=10Hz), 7.00(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.36-7.44(5H, m),

[0257] 7.71(2H, d, J=8Hz), 9.00(1H, brs)

EXAMPLE 2

[0258] A mixture of (2R)-4-methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)piperazine-2-(N-benzyloxy)carboxamide (1.00 g), 10% palladium on barium sulfate (200 mg) and cyclohexene (3 ml) in EtOH (9 ml) was refluxed for 8 hours. The mixture was filtered and the obtained filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on SiO₂ (eluent: from 1 to 6% MeOH-CHCl₃) to give 735 mg of (2R)-4-methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)piperazine-2-(N-hydroxy)carboxamide as an amorphous powder.

[0259] Mass (ESI) : 392 (M−1)

[0260]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0261] 2.54-2.67(1H, m), 2.80-2.89(4H, m), 3.40-3.49(1H, m),

[0262] 3.52-3.71(2H, m), 3.72-3.81(1H, m), 3.85(3H, s),

[0263] 4.38-4.42(1H, m), 7.10(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.74(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0264] 8.91(1H, brs)

EXAMPLE 3

[0265] To a solution of (2R)-4-methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)piperazine-2-(N-hydroxy)carboxamide (1.00 g) in a mixture of EtOH (3 ml) and H₂O (3 ml) was added 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2.18 ml) at ambient temperature. After the mixture was freeze-dried, the resulting powder was collected with AcOEt to give 825 mg of (2R)-4-methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)piperazine-2-(N-hydroxy)carboxamide sodium salt as a powder.

[0266] Mass (ESI) : 392 (M−1)

[0267]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0268] 2.60(1H, dt, J=4, 10Hz), 2.74(1H, dd, J=4, 10Hz), 2.80(3H, s),

[0269] 3.38-3.48(2H, m), 3.69(1H, dt, J=4, 10Hz), 3.99(1H, d, J=10Hz),

[0270] 4.22(1H, d, J=2Hz), 7.05(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.83(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0271] Preparation 10

[0272] A solution of (2R)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-carboxylic acid (2.90 g) in 4N HCl-AcOEt solution (40 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was solidified with Et₂O to give 2.15 g of (2R)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride as a powder.

[0273] Mass (ESI) : 207.1 (M−1)

[0274]¹H-NMR (300MHz, D₂O, δ):

[0275] 3.02-3.14(2H, m), 3.08(3H, s), 3.42-3.51(1H, m),

[0276] 3.52-3.78(3H, m), 3.95-4.05(1H, m), 4.09-4.18(1H, m)

[0277] Preparation 11

[0278] To a solution of (2R)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (2.10 g) in H₂O (20 ml) and dioxane (20 ml) were added NaHCO₃ (2.38 g) and a solution of benzyloxycarbonyl chloride (1.76 g) in Et₂O (10 ml) at room temperature. After stirring for 2 hours, Et₂O and dioxane were evaporated in vacuo. The solution was acidified with 1N HCl and extracted with AcOEt (80 ml). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give 3.0 g of (2R)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-carboxylic acid as an amorphous powder.

[0279] Mass (ESI−) : 341.3 (M−H)

[0280]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0281] 2.70-2.85(2H, m), 2.81(3H, s), 2.90-3.01(1H, m),

[0282] 3.20-3.42(1H, m), 3.62-3.80(1H, m), 4.00-4.19(1H, m),

[0283] 4.20-4.34(1H, m), 4.56-4.78(2H, m), 5.03(1H, bs), 7.38(5H, bs)

[0284] Preparation 12

[0285] To a solution of (2R))-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-carboxylic acid (3.00 g), O-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-hydroxylamine (1.23 g) and HOBT (1.42 g) in DMF (50 ml) was added WSCD.HCl (2.02 g) under cooling on an ice bath. After stirring for 30 minutes, the solution was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in AcOEt (100 ml). The solution was washed with 5% aqueous citric acid solution, 1M NaHCO₃ solution and brine, dried over MgSO₄, and concentrated in vacuo to give 3.58 g of (2R)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-[N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)]carboxamide as an amorphous powder.

[0286] Mass (ESI−) : 440.3 (M−H)

[0287]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0288] 1.49-1.91(6H, m), 2.80-3.32(2H, m), 2.92(3H, bs),

[0289] 3.52-3.64(1H, m), 3.68-3.78(1H, m), 3.83-3.95(1H, m),

[0290] 4.00-4.15(1H, m), 4.20(1H, d, J=12Hz), 4.76-4.86(1H, m),

[0291] 4.90-4.98(1H, bs), 5.20(2H, s), 7.36(5H, bs)

[0292] Preparation 13

[0293] A solution of (2R)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-[N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)]carboxamide (3.5 g) in EtOH (50 ml) was subjected to catalytic reduction using palladium hydroxide on carbon (700 mg), in hydrogen at 3 atm for 8 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 1.87 g of (2R)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-[N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)]carboxamide.

[0294] Mass (ESI+) : 308.2 (M+H)

[0295]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ) :

[0296] 1.45-1.78(6H, m), 2.88-3.09(2H, m), 2.99(3H, s)

[0297] 3.15-3.32(2H, m), 3.46-3.60(2H, m), 3.68-3.82(2H, m),

[0298] 3.86-4.00(1H, m), 4.88(1H, d, J=12Hz)

EXAMPLE 4

[0299] To a solution of (2R)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-[N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)]carboxamide (1.80 g) in pyridine (30 ml) was added 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (1.56 g) in dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂, 10 ml) under cooling on an ice bath. After stirring for 2 hours, the solution was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in AcOEt (50 ml). The solution was washed with 5% aqueous citric acid solution, 1M NaHCO₃ solution and brine, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SiO₂ column chromatography (eluent: CHCl₃) to give 2.15 g of (2R)-1-(4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-[N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)]carboxamide as an amorphous powder.

[0300] Mass (ESI−) : 491.3 (M−H)

[0301]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0302] 1.50-1.90(6H, m), 2.84-3.09(2H, m), 2.86(3H, s),

[0303] 3.23-3.47(1H, m), 3.58-3.69(1H, m), 3.72-3.82(1H, m),

[0304] 3.84-3.95(1H, m), 4.09-4.22(1H, m), 4.62-4.78(1H, br),

[0305] 4.90(1H, bs), 7.95-8.13(2H, m), 8.32-8.42(2H, m), 9.11(1H, bs)

EXAMPLE 5

[0306] To a solution of (2R)-1-(4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-[N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)]carboxamide (2.0 g) in MeOH (10 ml) was added 10% HCl-MeOH (30 ml) at room temperature. After stirring for 30 minutes, the solution was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SiO₂ column chromatography (eluent: CHCl₃) to give 1.33 g of (2R)-1-(4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-(N-hydroxy)-carboxamide as an amorphous powder.

[0307] Mass (ESI−): 407.2 (M−H)

[0308]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0309] 2.63-2.78(1H, m), 2.86(3H, s), 2.98(1H, dd, J=4.5, 12Hz),

[0310] 3.80(2H, d, J=12Hz), 3.45-3.69(2H, m), 4.49(1H, bs),

[0311] 8.05(2H, d, J=7.5Hz), 8.40(2H, d, J=7.5Hz), 8.94(1H, s)

EXAMPLE 6

[0312] (2R)-1-(4-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-(N-hydroxy)carboxamide sodium salt (310 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 3.

[0313] Mass (ESI−) : 407.2 (M−H)

[0314]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CD₃OD, δ):

[0315] 2.62(3H, s), 2.64-2.73(1H, m), 2.80(1H, dd, J=3.5, 12Hz),

[0316] 3.44(1H, d, J=12Hz), 3.50-3.59(2H, m), 3.83(1H, d, J=12Hz),

[0317] 4.22(1H, bs), 7.88(2H, d, J=7.5Hz), 8.17(2H, d, J=7.5Hz)

EXAMPLE 7

[0318] (2R)-1-(4-Bromobenzenesulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-[N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)]carboxamide (300 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0319] Mass (ESI−) : 524.3 (M−H)

[0320]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0321] 1.53-1.92(6H, m), 2.69-2.87(2H, m), 2.89(1.5H, s), 2.91(1.5H, s),

[0322] 3.27-3.44(1H, m), 3.58-3.74(2H, m), 3.82-3.99(2H, m),

[0323] 4.20(1H, d, J=13Hz), 4.55-4.66(1H, br), 4.93(1H, bs),

[0324] 7.70(4H, s), 9.12(1H, bs)

EXAMPLE 8

[0325] (2R)-1-(5-Chloro-2-thienylsulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-[N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)]carboxamide was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0326] Mass (ESI) 486 (M−1)

[0327]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0328] 1.56-1.70(2H, m), 1.70-1.89(4H, m), 2.76-2.95(6H, m),

[0329] 3.60-3.74(2H, m), 3.87-4.00(2H, m), 4.19-4.28(1H, m),

[0330] 4.55-4.64(1H, m), 4.93-5.00(1H, m), 6.99(1H, d, J=4Hz),

[0331] 7.43-7.51(1H, m), 9.09(1H, brs)

EXAMPLE 9

[0332] To a solution of (2R)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-[N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)]carboxamide (300 mg) in pyridine-CH₂Cl₂ (1:1, 10 ml) was added 5-bromo-2-thienylsulfonyl chloride at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature. After 3.5 hours, N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine was added and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. This mixture was diluted with CHCl₃ (20 ml), washed with 5% aqueous citric acid solution, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and brine, and dried over MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated to give 478 mg of (2R)-1-(5-bromo-2-thienylsulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-[N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)]carboxamide (containing two diastereoisomers) as a colorless oil.

[0333] Mass (ESI) : 530, 532

[0334]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0335] 1.56-1.91 (6H, m), 2.74-2.95(2H, m), 2.90(1.5H, s),

[0336] 2.92(1.5H, s), 3.36-3.51(1H, m), 3.59-3.71(2H, m),

[0337] 3.85-4.01(2H, m), 4.21(1H, d, J=13Hz), 4.62(1H, br),

[0338] 4.96(1H, br), 7.12(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.39-7.48(1H, m)

EXAMPLE 10

[0339] (2R)-1-(4-Bromobenzenesulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-(N-hydroxy)carboxamide (155 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 5.

[0340] Mass (ESI−) : 440.2 (M−H)

[0341]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0342] 2.62-2.67(1H, m), 2.85(1.5H, s), 2.94(1H, dd, J=4.5, 12Hz),

[0343] 3.44-3.66(2H, m), 3.69-3.85(2H, m), 4.43(1H, bs),

[0344] 7.71(2H, d, J=8.5Hz), 7.81(2H, d, J=8.5Hz), 8.95(1H, s)

EXAMPLE 11

[0345] (2R)-1-(5-Chloro-2-thienylsulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-(N-hydroxy)carboxamide was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 5.

[0346] Mass (ESI) : 402 (M−1)

[0347]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0348] 2.68-2.82(1H, m), 2.98(3H, s), 3.01(1H, dd, J=4, 10Hz),

[0349] 3.49-3.59(1H, m), 3.59-3.75(2H, m), 3.80(1H, d, J=10Hz),

[0350] 4.40-4.47(1H, m), 7.30(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.59(1H, d, J=4Hz),

[0351] 9.00(1H, brs)

EXAMPLE 12

[0352] (2R))-1-(5-Bromo-2-thienylsulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-(N-hydroxy)carboxamide was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 5.

[0353] Mass (ESI) : 446, 448

[0354]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0355] 2.70-2.82(1H, m), 2.88(3H, s), 3.02(2H, dd, J=4, 13Hz),

[0356] 3.54(1H, d, J=15Hz), 3.68-3.78(2H, m), 3.80(1H, d, J=14Hz),

[0357] 4.35(1H, t, J=6Hz), 4.44(1H, bs), 7.38(1H, d, J=4Hz),

[0358] 7.51 (1H, d, J=4Hz), 9.00(1H, s)

[0359] Preparation 14

[0360] N-[N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-O-benzyl-L-seryl]-D-leucine methyl ester (545 mg) was dissolved in 4N HCl-AcOEt (5 ml), and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 1.5 hours. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The resulting oil was dissolved in dry MeOH (5 ml). Benzaldehyde (205 mg) and sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH₃CN, 97 mg) were added to this solution, and the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours. Benzaldehyde (60 mg) and NaBH₃CN (30 mg) were added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1.5 hours. After evaporation of the solvent in vacuo, the residue was partitioned by dissolving same in AcOEt and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution. The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, dried over MgSO₄, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SiO₂ column chromatography (eluent: CHCl₃) to give 376 mg of N-(N,O-dibenzyl-L-seryl)-D-leucine methyl ester as an oil.

[0361] Mass (ESI+): 413 (M+H)

[0362]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0363] 1.43(6H, d, J=6Hz), 1.50-1.70(3H, m), 3.43(1H, m),

[0364] 3.60-3.80(4H, m), 3.72(3H, s), 4.45(1H, d, J=12Hz),

[0365] 4.51(1H, d, J=12Hz), 4.58(1H, m), 7.20-7.40(10H, m),

[0366] 7.79(1H, d, J=10Hz)

[0367] Preparation 15

[0368] N-(N,O-Dibenzyl-L-seryl)-D-leucine methyl ester (376 mg) was dissolved in toluene. AcOH (0.06 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for one hour and at 110° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned by dissolving same in AcOEt and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution. The organic layer was washed with saturated NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SiO₂ column chromatography (eluent: n-hexane/AcOEt=3/2, then 1/1). After evaporation of the solvent, the crystals were collected using isopropyl ether to give 312 mg of (2S,5R)-1-benzyl-2-benzyloxymethyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-3,5-dioxopiperazine as a slightly yellowish powder.

[0369] m.p. : 95-97° C.

[0370] Mass (ESI−) : 379 (M−H)

[0371]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0372] 0.86(3H, d, J=7Hz), 0.95(3H, d, J=7Hz), 1.50-1.75(2H, m),

[0373] 2.02(1H, m), 3.66(1H, d, J=10Hz), 3.86(1H, d, J=10Hz),

[0374] 3.89(1H, s), 4.10(1H, d, J=15Hz), 4.23(1H, dd, J=5, 10Hz),

[0375] 4.35(1H, d, J=12Hz), 4.47(1H, d, J=12Hz), 5.13(1H, d, J=15Hz),

[0376] 5.84(1H, s), 7.15-7.40(10H, m)

[0377] Preparation 16

[0378] A solution of (2S,5R)-1-benzyl-2-benzyloxymethyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-3,5-dioxopiperazine (12.5 g) in dry tetrahydrofuran (THF, 100 ml) was dropwise added to a suspension of lithium aluminum hydride (4.99 g) in dry THF (90 ml) at 55° C. over 1 hour. The reaction mixture was further stirred at 55° C. for 2 hours, and then cooled on an ice bath. The reaction was quenched by careful dropwise addition of 10% H₂O-THF (100 ml). AcOEt (700 ml) and MgSO₄ (20 g) were added, and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for one hour and at 55° C. for 30 minutes. Insoluble matter was filtered off through a celite pad and the cake was washed several times with AcOEt. The filtrate and combined washings were concentrated in vacuo to give 11.0 g of (2R,5R)-1-benzyl-2-benzyloxymethyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine as an oil.

[0379] Mass (ESI+) : 353 (M+H)

[0380]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) :

[0381] 1.30(3H, d, J=7Hz), 1.33(3H, d, J=7Hz), 1.00-1.65(3H, m),

[0382] 1.37(1H, t, J=12Hz), 2.45(1H, m), 2.65-2.85(2H, m),

[0383] 3.10(1H, dd, J=4, 12Hz), 3.18(1H, d, J=15Hz),

[0384] 3.49(1H, dd, J=5, 10Hz), 3.63(1H, dd, J=2, 10Hz),

[0385] 4.15(1H, d, J=15Hz), 4.51(2H, s), 7.20-7.40(10H, m)

[0386] Preparation 17

[0387] A solution of (2R,5R)-1-benzyl-2-benzyloxymethyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine (7.0 g) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (5.2 g) in CH₂Cl₂ (50 ml) was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by SiO₂ column chromatography (eluent: CHCl₃/n-hexane=1/1, then CHCl₃) to give 8.1 g of (2R,5R)-1-benzyl-2-benzyloxymethyl-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine as an oil.

[0388] Mass (ESI+) : 453 (M+H)

[0389]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0390] 0.85(3H, d, J=7Hz), 0.86(3H, d, J=7Hz), 1.28(1H, m),

[0391] 1.40-1.70(2H, m), 1.47(9H, s), 2.28(1H, d, J=12Hz),

[0392] 2.62(1H, dd, J=5, 12Hz), 3.00(1H, br), 3.20(1H, brd, J=13Hz),

[0393] 3.55(1H, t, J=10Hz), 3.60(1H, d, J=13Hz),

[0394] 3.77(1H, dd, J=5, 10Hz), 3.85(1H, d, J=13Hz), 4.00-4.15(1H, br),

[0395] 4.10(1H, d, J=13Hz), 4.49(1H, d, J=12Hz), 4.57(1H, d, J=12Hz),

[0396] 7.20-7.40(10H, m)

[0397] Preparation 18

[0398] 10% Palladium on carbon (0.8 g) was added to a solution of (2R,5R)-1-benzyl-2-benzyloxymethyl-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine (8.1 g) in AcOH (80 ml), and the mixture was hydrogenated in hydrogen at 3 atm for 4 hours at ambient temperature. The catalyst was removed by filtration through a celite pad and the filtrate was washed with AcOH. The filtrate and combined washings were concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was partitioned by dissolving same in saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and AcOEt. The organic layer was washed with NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄, and concentrated in vacuo to give 5.8 g of (2R,5R)-2-benzyloxymethyl-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine as an oil.

[0399] Mass (ESI+) : 363 (M+H)

[0400]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0401] 0.82(3H, d, J=7Hz), 0.85(3H, d, J=7Hz), 1.44(9H, s),

[0402] 1.40-1.80(3H, m), 2.50(1H, d, J=12Hz), 3.03(1H, dd, J=5, 12Hz),

[0403] 3.10(1H, m), 3.20(1H, dd, J=5, 13Hz), 3.39(1H, dd, J=5, 10Hz),

[0404] 3.68(1H, t, J=10Hz), 3.79(1H, d, J=13Hz), 4.10(1H, m), 4.51(1H, d, J=12Hz), 4.58(1H, d, J=12Hz), 7.25-7.40(5H, m)

[0405] Preparation 19

[0406] (2R,5R)-2-Benzyloxymethyl-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-5-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine (6.4 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 1.

[0407] m.p. : 119-120° C.

[0408] Mass (ESI+) : 555 (M+Na), 578 (M+2Na)

[0409]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0410] 0.83-0.90(6H, br), 1.20-1.50(3H, m), 1.41, 1.43(9H, s),

[0411] 2.97-3.14(2H, m), 3.20-3.50(3H, m), 3.83(3H, s),

[0412] 4.00-4.50(5H, m), 6.86(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.20-7.40(5H, m),

[0413] 7.18, 7.22(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0414] Preparation 20

[0415] Palladium hydroxide on carbon (700 mg) was added to a solution of (2R,5R)-2-benzyloxymethyl-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-5-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine (6.4 g) in MeOH (60 ml), and the mixture was hydrogenated in hydrogen at 3.5 atm for 4 hours at ambient temperature. The catalyst was removed by filtration through a celite pad and the filtrate was washed with MeOH. The filtrate and combined washings were concentrated in vacuo to give 5.3 g of (2R,5R)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-5-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine as white crystals.

[0416] m.p. : 90-93° C.

[0417] Mass (ESI−) : 441 (M−H), (ESI+) : 465 (M+Na)

[0418]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0419] 0.80-0.90(6H, br), 1.44(9H, s), 1.10-1.70(3H, m),

[0420] 2.73-3.11(2H, m), 3.20(1H, dd, J=5, 13Hz), 3.36-3.65(3H, m),

[0421] 3.88(3H, s), 3.94(1H, m), 4.05-4.36(3H, m), 6.97(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0422] 7.75(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0423] Preparation 21

[0424] Ruthenium (IV) oxide hydrate (238 mg) was added to a solution of (2R,5R)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-5-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine (5.3 g) in acetone (50 ml) and H₂O (20 ml), followed by addition of sodium periodate (5.1 g) with cooling on an ice bath. After stirring at the same temperature for 40 minutes, the reaction was quenched with 2-propanol (50 ml). Insoluble matter was removed by filtration through a celite pad, and the filtrate was washed with acetone and AcOEt. The filtrate and combined washings were concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was partitioned by dissolving same in 5% aqueous sodium bisulfite and AcOEt. The organic layer was washed with saturated NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄, and concentrated in vacuo to give 5.6 g of (2R,5R)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-5-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine-2-carboxylic acid as an amorphous powder.

[0425] Mass (ESI−) : 455 (M−H), (ESI+) : 479 (M+Na)

[0426]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0427] 0.89(6H, d, J=7Hz), 1.30-1.65(3H, m), 1.38(9H, s),

[0428] 2.90-3.60(3H, m), 3.86(3H, s), 4.10-4.62(3H, m),

[0429] 6.93(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.70(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0430] Preparation 22

[0431] (2R,5R)-4-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-5-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine-2-(N-benzyloxy)carboxamide (5.3 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 8.

[0432] m.p. : 178-179° C.

[0433] Mass (ESI+) : 584 (M+Na)

[0434]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0435] 0.75-0.96(6H, br), 0.90-1.70(3H, m), 1.44(9H, s),

[0436] 2.80-3.70(ca. 3H, br), 3.87(3H, s), 4.00-4.70(ca. 3H, br),

[0437] 4.88(2H, s), 6.97(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.39(5H, m), 7.63-7.83(2H, br),

[0438] 8.77, 9.18(1H, br)

[0439] Preparation 23

[0440] (2R,5R)-1-(4-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-5-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine-2-(N-benzyloxy)carboxamide hydrochloride (5.2 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 10.

[0441] m.p. : 168-173° C.

[0442] Mass (ESI+) : 462 (M+H)

[0443]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0444] 0.83(3H, d, J=7Hz), 0.84(3H, d, J=7Hz), 1.36(1H, m),

[0445] 1.90-2.15(2H, m), 3.15(1H, dd, J=4, 12Hz),

[0446] 3.25(1H, dd, J=4, 12Hz), 3.30-3.50(2H, m), 3.75(1H, d, J=12Hz),

[0447] 3.83(3H, s), 4.18(1H, t, J=4Hz), 4.77(2H, s), 7.13(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0448] 7.79(2H, d, J=8Hz)

EXAMPLE 13

[0449] (2R, 5R)-4-Methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-5-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine-2-(N-benzyloxy) carboxamide (0.37 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 1.

[0450] m.p. : 165-166° C.

[0451] Mass (ESI−) : 538 (M−H)

[0452]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0453] 0.77(3H, d, J=5Hz), 0.83(3H, d, J=5Hz), 1.11(1H, m),

[0454] 1.18-1.40(2H, m), 2.91(3H, s), 2.85-3.20(2H, m),

[0455] 3.56(1H, d, J=13Hz), 3.77(1H, m), 3.88(3H, s),

[0456] 4.12(1H, d, J=13Hz), 4.36(1H, m), 4.86(1H, d, J=10Hz),

[0457] 4.95(1H, d, J=10Hz), 6.98(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.40(5H, m),

[0458] 7.71(2H, d, J=8Hz), 9.20(1H, brs)

EXAMPLE 14

[0459] (2R,5R)-4-Methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-5-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine-2-(N-hydroxy)carboxamide (188 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 2.

[0460] m.p. : 68-93° C.

[0461] Mass (ESI−) : 448 (M−H)

[0462]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0463] 0.76(3H, d, J=5Hz), 0.80(3H, d, J=5Hz), 1.17(1H, m),

[0464] 1.20-1.44(2H, m), 2.87(3H, s), 3.20-3.44(2H, m),

[0465] 3.71-3.89(3H, m), 3.83(3H, s), 4.31(1H, d, J=4Hz),

[0466] 7.08(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.72(2H, d, J=8Hz), 8.92(1H, brs)

[0467] Preparation 24

[0468] Ethyl 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-carboxylate was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0469]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0470] 1.28(3H, t, J=8Hz), 1.43(4H, s), 1.47(5H, s),

[0471] 2.73(1H, t, J=14Hz), 2.89(1H, d, J=14Hz), 3.08-3.34(1H, m),

[0472] 3.61-3.78(1H, m), 3.86-4.09(1H, m), 4.12-4.29(2H, m),

[0473] 4.22(2H, q, J=8Hz), 4.67(0.5H, bs), 4.86(0.5H, bs)

[0474] Preparation 25

[0475] Ethyl 4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-carboxylate hydrochloride was obtained in substantially the same manner as in

[0476] Preparation 9.

[0477]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0478] 1.26(3H, t, J=8Hz), 3.02(3H, s), 3.09-3.30(2H,m),

[0479] 3.33-3.59(3H, m), 3.76(1H, dd, J=4, 16Hz), 4.26(2H, q, J=8Hz),

[0480] 4.50(1H, dd, J=4, 11Hz)

[0481] Preparation 26

[0482] Ethyl (2RS)-1-(3-chloropropylsulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-carboxylate (224 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0483] m.p. : 144-145° C.

[0484]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 1.33(3H, t, J=7Hz), 2.25-2.40(2H, m), 2.75-2.90(1H, overlapping), 2.80(3H, s), 3.00(1H, dd, J=4, 12Hz), 3.20-3.40(2H, m), 3.48(1H, dt, J=4, 12Hz), 3.68(2H, t, J=7Hz), 3.76(1H, d, J=12Hz), 3.83(1H, d, J=12Hz), 4.15-4.40(3H, m), 4.75(1H, brs)

[0485] Preparation 27

[0486] A mixture of ethyl (2RS)-1-(3-chloropropylsulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-carboxylate (203 mg) and 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide (0.9 ml) in dioxane (2 ml) and EtOH (1 ml) was stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature. The mixture was acidified with 1N HCl (0.9 ml) and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting crystals were collected with H₂O, and washed with H₂O and Et₂O to give 165 mg of (2RS)-1-(3-chloropropylsulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-carboxylic acid.

[0487] m.p. : 188-189° C.

[0488] Mass (ESI−) : 347 (M−H)

[0489]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ) :

[0490] 2.14(2H, m), 2.78(1H, dt, J=4, 12Hz), 2.91(3H, s),

[0491] 2.99(1H, dd, J=4, 12Hz), 3.20-3.45(3H, overlapping with H₂O),

[0492] 3.53(1H, d, J=12Hz), 3.68(1H, d, J=12Hz), 3.76(2H, t, J=6Hz),

[0493] 4.00(1H, d, J=12Hz), 4.62(1H, brs)

EXAMPLE 15

[0494] (2RS)-1-(3-Chloropropylsulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-[N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)]carboxamide (172 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 12.

[0495] Mass (ESI−) : 446, 448 (M−H)

[0496]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0497] 1.50-2.00(6H, m), 2.33(2H, m), 2.90(3H, s),

[0498] 2.83-3.00(1H, overlapping), 3.13(1H, brd, J=12Hz),

[0499] 3.20-4.00(7H, br), 3.68(2H, t, J=5Hz), 4.14(1H, br),

[0500] 4.65(1H, br), 5.01(1H, br), 9.26(1H, br)

EXAMPLE 16

[0501] (2RS)-1-(3-Chloropropylsulfonyl)-4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-2-(N-hydroxy)carboxamide (95 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 5.

[0502] Mass (ESI−) : 362 (M−H)

[0503]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ) :

[0504] 2.15(2H, m), 2.78(1H, dt, J=4, 10Hz), 2.90(3H, s),

[0505] 3.06(1H, d, J=4, 10Hz), 3.15-3.45(2H, overlapping with H₂O),

[0506] 3.53(1H, d, J=12Hz), 3.73(2H, t, J=46Hz), 3.57-3.80(2H, m),

[0507] 3.88(1H, d, J=12Hz), 4.39(1H, s), 9.06(1H, s)

[0508] Preparation 28

[0509] Ethyl 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazinecarboxylate (60 g) was dissolved in AcOH (400 ml), and the solution was subjected to catalytic reduction using 10% palladium on carbon (12 g)-H₂O (30 ml), in hydrogen at 3 atm for 4 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in AcOEt (1000 ml), and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution by stirring carefully to avoid foaming. The organic layer was further washed with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 59.2 g of ethyl 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-piperazinecarboxylate as an oil (yield 97.9%).

[0510] TLC Rf 0.44 (CHCl₃:MeOH, 9:1)

[0511] Mass (ESI+) : 259 (M+H)

[0512]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ)

[0513] 1.30(3H, t, J=7.5Hz), 1.45(4.5H, s), 1.48(4.5H, s),

[0514] 2.63-2.68(1H, m), 2.83-3.22(3H, m), 3.43-3.59(1H, m),

[0515] 3.70-3.91 (1H, m), 4.14-4.30(2H, m), 4.42-4.70(1H, m)

EXAMPLE 17

[0516] (2R)-4-Methanesulfonyl-1-(4-phenoxybenzenesulfonyl)piperazine-2-(N-benzyloxy)carboxamide (39.5 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 1.

[0517] Mass (ESI+) 546 (M+H)

[0518]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0519] 2.52-2.70(2H, m), 2.98-3.15(1H, m), 2.89(3H, s),

[0520] 3.52(1H, d, J=12Hz), 3.78(1H, d, J=13Hz), 4.26(1H, d, J=13Hz),

[0521] 4.50(1H, br), 4.92(2H, dd, J=11 and 14Hz), 7.01(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0522] 7.10(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.26(1H, dd, J=8, 8Hz), 7.35-7.49(7H, m),

[0523] 7.70(2H, d, J=8Hz)

EXAMPLE 18

[0524] A solution of (2R)-4-methanesulfonyl-1-(4-phenoxybenzenesulfonyl)piperazine-2-(N-benzyloxy)carboxamide (39.0 g) in dioxane (156 ml) and EtOH (156 ml) was subjected to catalytic reduction using 10% palladium on barium sulfate (3.9 g) in hydrogen at 3 atm for 4 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on SiO₂ (eluent: from 0.5 to 2% MeOH-CHCl₃) to give 31.5 g of (2R)-4-methanesulfonyl-1-(4-phenoxybenzenesulfonyl)piperazine-2-(N-hydroxy)carboxamide as an amorphous powder.

[0525] Mass (ESI−) : 454 (M−H)

[0526] m.p. 112-114° C.

[0527]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0528] 2.63(1H, td, J=5, 13Hz), 2.84(3H, s), 2.90(1H, dd, J=5, 14Hz),

[0529] 3.46(1H, d, J=12Hz), 3.53-3.72(3H, m), 4.40(1H, bs),

[0530] 7.07-7.19(4H, m), 7.25(1H, dd, J=7, 7Hz), 7.42-7.51(2H, m),

[0531] 7.78(2H, d, J=8Hz), 8.90(1H, s)

EXAMPLE 19

[0532] (2R)-4-Methanesulfonyl-1-(4-phenoxybenzenesulfonyl)piperazine-2-(N-hydroxy)carboxamide sodium salt (25.9 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 3.

[0533] Mass (ESI−) : 454 (M−H)

[0534]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0535] 2.65(1H, td, J=4, 13Hz), 2.78(1H, dd, J=5, 14Hz), 2.80(3H, s),

[0536] 3.45(2H, d, J=1Hz), 3.72(1H, td, J=4, 11Hz),

[0537] 3.99(1H, d, J=14Hz), 4.21(1H, s), 7.03(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0538] 7.14(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.24(1H, dd, J=8, 8Hz),

[0539] 7.45(2H, dd, J=8, 8Hz), 7.90(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0540] Preparation 29

[0541] N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-O-benzyl-L-serine N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine amide (2.5 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 8.

[0542]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 1.43(9H, s), 3.20(3H, s), 3.60-3.72(2H, m), 3.70(3H, s), 4.49(1H, d, J=10Hz), 4.57(1H, d, J=10Hz), 4.88(1H, m), 5.43(1H, d, J=7Hz), 7.22-7.37(5H, m)

[0543] Preparation 30

[0544] 0.9M Methylmagnesium bromide (MeMgBr) in THF (100 ml) was added dropwise to a solution of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-O-benzyl-L-serine N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine amide (5.0 g) in dry THF (25 ml) with cooling on an ice bath. The reaction mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched by adding saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) solution and the resulting mixture was extracted with AcOEt. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and saturated aqueous NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give 4.3 g of (3S)-4-benzyloxy-3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-butanone as an oil.

[0545]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0546] 1.43(9H, s), 2.20(3H, s), 3.68(1H, dd, J=3.8Hz),

[0547] 3.91(1H, dd, J=3.8Hz), 4.34(1H, m), 4.47(1H, d, J=10Hz),

[0548] 4.57(1H, d, J=10Hz), 7.20-7.40(5H, m)

[0549] Preparation 31

[0550] A solution of (3S)-4-benzyloxy-3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-butanone (4.3 g) in dry MeOH (20 ml) was added to a solution of 2-aminoethanol (2.0 g) and AcOH (1.8 g) in dry MeOH (20 ml). NaBH₃CN (1.4 g) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between AcOEt and aqueous NaHCO₃ solution. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and saturated aqueous NaCl solution. The organic layer was mixed with 1N HCl (50 ml) and the mixture was stirred vigorously for 1 hour. The organic layer was separated, washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and saturated aqueous NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give 4.1 g of (2R, 3RS)-O-benzyl-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-(2-hydroxyethylamino)butanol as an oil.

[0551] Mass (ESI+) : 339 (M+H)

[0552]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0553] 1.11, 1.18, 1.23(3H, d, J=5Hz), 1.45(9H, s), 2.60-3.00(3H, m),

[0554] 3.45-3.95(5H, m), 4.48(1H, d, J=10Hz), 4.54(1H, d, J=10Hz),

[0555] 5.00-5.35(1H, m), 7.20-7.40(5H, m)

[0556] Preparation 32

[0557] A solution of triethylamine (7.6 g) in dioxane (20 ml) was added to dropwise a solution of (2R,3RS)-O-benzyl-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-(2-hydroxyethylamino)butanol (8.4 g) and methanesulfonyl chloride (8.6 g) in dioxane (40 ml) with cooling on an ice bath. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours and the reaction was quenched by adding 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propylamine (5 ml). The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between 0.6N HCl and AcOEt. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and saturated aqueous NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SiO₂ column chromatography (eluent: AcOEt in n-hexane 40%, 50% and then 60%). The fraction containing the desired product was concentrated in vacuo and was further purified by SiO₂ column chromatography (eluent: acetone in toluene 16%) to give 2.7 g of (2R, 3R)-O-benzyl-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-[N-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methanesulfonylamino]butanol as an oil.

[0558]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 1.28(3H, d, J=5Hz), 1.43(9H, s), 2.88(3H, s), 3.02(3H, s), 3.40-3.65(3H, m), 3.75-3.94(2H, m), 3.99(1H, m), 4.28-4.50(2H, m), 4.49(1H, d, J=10Hz), 4.54(1H, d, J=10Hz), 4.98(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.27-7.40(5H, m)

[0559] Preparation 33

[0560] (2R,3S)-O-Benzyl-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-[N-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methanesulfonylamino]butanol (5.7 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 32.

[0561]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 1.23(3H, d, J=5Hz), 1.43(9H, s), 2.92(3H, s), 3.05(3H, s), 3.37-3.60(4H, m), 3.69(1H, m), 4.05(1H, m), 4.25-4.50(2H, m), 4.45(1H, d, J=10Hz), 4.56(1H, d, J=10Hz), 5.24(1H, d, J=7Hz), 7.25-7.40(5H, m)

[0562] Preparation 34

[0563] A solution of (2R,3R)-O-benzyl-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-[N-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methanesulfonylamino]butanol (2.6 g) in dry DMF (15 ml) was added dropwise to a suspension of sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 189 mg) in dry DMF (10 ml) at 4° C. over 20 minutes. The mixture was stirred at same temperature for 45 minutes and then poured into a mixture of ice and 1N HCl (8 ml). The mixture was extracted with AcOEt. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SiO₂ column chromatography (eluent: AcOEt in n-hexane 40% and 50%) to give 2.1 g of (2R,3R)-2-benzyloxymethyl-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyl-3-methylpiperazine as an oil.

[0564] m.p. : 62-68° C.

[0565] Mass (ESI+) : 399 (M+H), 421 (M+Na)

[0566]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0567] 1.36(3H, d, J=6Hz), 1.43(9H, s), 2.84(3H, s), 3.11(1H, m),

[0568] 3.43(1H, m), 3.52-3.68(2H, m), 3.70-3.85(3H, m), 4.09(1H, m),

[0569] 4.50(1H, d, J=10Hz), 4.57(1H, d, J=10Hz), 7.27-7.38(5H, m)

[0570] Preparation 35

[0571] 10% Palladium on activated carbon (1.5 g) was suspended in H₂O (10 ml) and the suspension was added to a solution of (2R,3R)-2-benzyloxymethyl-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyl-3-methylpiperazine (2.1 g) and ammonium formate (3.3 g) in MeOH (25 ml). The mixture was refluxed for 1.5 hours. Ammonium formate (3.4 g) in H₂O (10 ml) and MeOH (10 ml) were added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was refluxed for 1.5 hours. 10% Palladium on activated carbon (1.5 g) in H₂O (10 ml) and ammonium formate (3.4 g) were added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was refluxed for 2.5 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration through a celite pad and the pad was washed with MeOH. The combined filtrate and washings were concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between AcOEt and brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give 1.5 g of (2R,3R)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxymethyl-4-methane-sulfonyl-3-methylpiperazine as a solid.

[0572] m.p. : 84-90° C.

[0573] Mass (ESI+) : 309 (M+H), 331 (M+Na)

[0574]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0575] 1.32(3H, d, J=5Hz), 1.47(9H, s), 2.87(3H, s), 3.25-3.48(3H, m),

[0576] 3.70-3.90(4H, m), 4.07(1H, m)

[0577] Preparation 36

[0578] (2R,3R)-1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyl-3-methyl-2-piperazinecarboxylic acid (1.0 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 21.

[0579] m.p. : 158° C.

[0580]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 1.47(9H, s), 1.49(3H, d, J=6Hz), 2.90(3H, s), 3.43(1H, m), 3.54(1H, m), 3.60-3.80(2H, m), 4.20(1H, m), 4.48(1H, d, J=3Hz)

[0581] Preparation 37

[0582] (2R,3R)-N-Benzyloxy-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyl-3-methyl-2-piperazinecarboxamide (690 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 8.

[0583] m.p. 156-159° C.

[0584] Mass (ESI+) : 428 (M+H), 450 (H+Na)

[0585]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0586] 1.21(3H, d, J=6Hz), 1.37(9H, s), 2.94(3H, s), 3.25-3.55(3H, m),

[0587] 3.84(1H, m), 3.98(1H, m), 4.25(1H, d, J=6Hz), 4.81(2H, s),

[0588] 7.30-7.50(5H, m)

[0589] Preparation 38

[0590] (2R,3R)-N-Benzyloxy-4-methanesulfonyl-3-methyl-2-piperazinecarboxamide hydrochloride (559 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 10.

[0591] Mass (ESI+) : 328 (M+H)

[0592]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0593] 1.10(3H, d, J=6Hz), 3.00-3.30(3H, m), 3.13(3H, s),

[0594] 3.69(3H, d, J=11Hz), 4.00(1H, d, J=5Hz), 4.32(1H, m), 4.86(2H, s),

[0595] 7.35-7.50(5H, m)

EXAMPLE 20

[0596] A solution of 4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (284 mg) in dioxane (2 ml) was added to a solution of (2R,3R)-N-benzyloxy-4-methanesulfonyl-3-methyl-2-piperazinecarboxamide hydrochloride (200 mg) in pyridine (2 ml) with cooling on an ice bath. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3.5 hours. 4-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (60 mg) in dioxane (1 ml) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. 4-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (60 mg) in dioxane (1 ml) was added to the mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours, and the reaction was quenched by adding 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propylamine (0.1 ml). The mixture was partitioned between 0.6N HCl and AcOEt. The organic layer was washed with 0.6N HCl, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and saturated aqueous NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SiO₂ column chromatography (eluent: AcOEt in n-hexane 60% to 80%) to give 273 mg of (2R,3R)-N-benzyloxy-4-methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl)-3-methyl-2-piperazinecarboxamide as an amorphous powder.

[0597] Mass (ESI−) : 496 (M−H)

[0598]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0599] 1.38(3H, d, J=5Hz), 2.77(3H, s), 3.17(1H, m), 3.40(1H, m),

[0600] 3.55-3.75(2H, m), 3.86(3H, s), 3.93(1H, m), 4.26(1H, m),

[0601] 4.85(1H, d, J=10Hz), 4.92(1H, d, J=10Hz), 6.99(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0602] 7.40(5H, s), 7.76(2H, d, J=8Hz), 8.86(1H, brs)

EXAMPLE 21

[0603] (2R,3R)-N-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-3-methyl-2-piperazinecarboxamide (106 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 18.

[0604] Mass (ESI−) : 406 (M−H)

[0605]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0606] 1.74(3H, d, J=5Hz), 2.78(3H, s), 3.07(1H, m), 3.55-3.75(4H, m),

[0607] 3.84(3H, s), 4.19(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.09(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0608] 7.72(2H, d, J=8Hz), 8.97(1H, br)

[0609] Preparation 39

[0610] A solution of (2R,3S)-O-benzyl-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-[N-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)-N-methanesulfonylamino]butanol (1.1 g) in dry THF (15 ml) was added dropwise to a suspension of sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 80.1 mg) in dry THF (8 ml) at 4° C. over 15 minutes. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 3.5 hours and then poured into saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution. The mixture was extracted with AcOEt. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SiO₂ column chromatography (eluent; AcOEt in n-hexane 40% and 50%) to give 0.80 g of (2R,3S)-2-benzyloxymethyl-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyl-3-methylpiperazine as an oil.

[0611] Mass (ESI+) : 399 (M+H), 421 (M+Na)

[0612]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0613] 1.30(3H, d, J=5Hz), 1.43(9H, s), 2.81(3H, s), 2.85-3.30(2H, m),

[0614] 3.35-3.93(4H, m), 4.08(1H, m), 4.27(1H, m), 4.50(1H, d, J=10Hz),

[0615] 4.59(1H, d, J=10Hz), 7.25-7.40(5H, m)

[0616] Preparation 40

[0617] (2R, 3S)-2-Benzyloxymethyl-4-methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-3-methylpiperazine (320 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 10.

[0618] Mass (ESI+) : 469 (M+H), 491 (M+Na)

[0619]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0620] 1.31(3H, d, J=7Hz), 2.81(3H, s), 2.97(1H, dt, J=2, 12Hz),

[0621] 3.19(1H, dt, J=2, 12Hz), 3.38(1H, dd, J=5, 8Hz), 3.50-3.70(3H, m),

[0622] 3.83(3H, s), 4.01(1H, m), 4.26(1H, q, J=7Hz), 4.37(1H, d, J=1Hz),

[0623] 4.49(1H, d, J=11Hz), 6.85(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.25-7.40(5H, m),

[0624] 7.71 (2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0625] Preparation 41

[0626] A mixture of (2R,3S)-2-benzyloxymethyl-4-methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-3-methylpiperazine (330 mg) and palladium hydroxide (40 mg) in dioxane (5 ml) and MeOH (5 ml) was hydrogenated in hydrogen at 3.5 atm and ambient temperature for 1 day. The catalyst was removed by filtration through a celite pad and the pad was washed with MeOH. The filtrate and combined washings were concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SiO₂ column chromatography (eluent: AcOEt/n-hexane 60%, then MeOH/AcOEt 1%) to give 253 mg of (2R,3S)-2-hydroxymethyl-4-methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxybenzene-sulfonyl)-3-methylpiperazine.

[0627] Mass (ESI−) : 377 (M−H)

[0628]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0629] 1.30(3H, d, J=5Hz), 2.08(1H, t, J=4Hz), 2.88(3H, s),

[0630] 3.08(1H, dt, J=2, 10Hz), 3.20(1H, dt, J=2, 10Hz), 3.48(1H, m),

[0631] 3.62(1H, dd, J=2, 10Hz), 3.69(1H, dd, J=2, 10Hz), 3.70-3.90(2H, m),

[0632] 3.87(3H, s), 4.26(1H, q, J=5Hz), 6.98(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0633] 7.76(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0634] Preparation 42

[0635] (2R,3S)-4-Methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-3-methyl-2-piperazinecarboxylic acid (231 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 21.

[0636] m.p. : 150-152° C.

[0637] Mass (ESI−) : 391 (M−H)

[0638]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) :

[0639] 1.42(3H, d, J=5Hz), 2.83(3H, s), 3.24(1H, dt, J=2, 11Hz),

[0640] 3.36(1H, dt, J=2, 11Hz), 3.56(1H, dd, J=2, 11Hz),

[0641] 3.70(1H, dd, J=2, 11Hz), 3.88(3H, s), 4.55(1H, brs),

[0642] 4.66(1H, q, J=5Hz), 6.97(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.73(2H, d, J=8Hz)

EXAMPLE 22

[0643] (2R,3S)-4-Methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-3-methyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (235 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 12.

[0644] Mass (ESI−) : 490 (M−H)

[0645]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0646] 1.17, 1.20(3H, d, J=5Hz), 1.45-1.70(6H, m), 2.86(3H, s),

[0647] 3.10, 3.15(1H, m), 3.45-3.65(3H, m), 3.68, 3.73(1H, m),

[0648] 3.83(3H, s), 3.86(1H, m), 4.09, 4.15(1H, s), 4.05-4.25(1H, m),

[0649] 4.63, 4.71(1H, s), 7.07, 7.09(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0650] 7.64, 7.67(2H, d, J=8Hz)

EXAMPLE 23

[0651] (2R,3S)-N-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonyl-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-3-methyl-2-piperazinecarboxamide (164 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 5.

[0652] Mass (ESI−) : 406 (M−H)

[0653]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0654] 1.08(3H, d, J=5Hz), 2.90(3H, s), 3.16(1H, dt, J=2, 10Hz),

[0655] 3.28(1H, dt, J=2, 10Hz), 3.52 (1H, d, J=10Hz),

[0656] 3.67(1H, d, J=10Hz), 3.89(3H, s), 4.32(1H, s),

[0657] 4.68(1H, q, J=5Hz), 7.03(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.80(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0658] Preparation 43

[0659] A solution of sodium carbonate (1.63 g) in H₂O (7.65 ml), 4-fluorobenzeneboronic acid (1.03 g) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(O) (70.9 mg) were added successively to a solution of 2-bromothiophene (1.00 g) in dimethoxyethane (12.3 ml). The mixture was refluxed for 4 hours. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and partitioned between AcOEt and H₂O. The organic layer was washed with 0.5N aqueous NaOH solution and saturated aqueous NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SiO₂ column chromatography (eluent: n-hexane and then AcOEt in n-hexane 10%). The solvent was evaporated in vacuo to give 1.05 g of 2-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene as a white solid.

[0660] m.p. : 51-52° C.

[0661]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 7.01-7.14(3H, m), 7.21-7.29(2H, m), 7.52-7.62(2H, m)

[0662] Preparation 44

[0663] 2-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiophene (538 mg) was added to a solution of sulfur trioxide N,N-dimethylformamide complex in dichloroethane (5 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 hours and at 70° C. for 2 hours. Sulfur trioxide N,N-dimethylformamide complex (231 mg) was added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature. Thionyl chloride (0.27 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 3 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between AcOEt and ice water. The organic layer was washed with H₂O, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and saturated aqueous NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give 694 mg of 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride as a blue-gray solid.

[0664] m.p. : 82-85° C.

[0665]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 7.17(2H, t, J=8Hz), 7.25(1H, d, J=1Hz), 7.61(2H, d, J=3.8Hz), 7.83(1H, d, J=1Hz)

[0666] Preparation 45

[0667] 2-(3-Fluorophenyl)thiophene (1.12 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[0668]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 6.96(1H, t, J=8Hz), 7.09(1H, t, J=4Hz), 7.22-7.40(5H, m)

[0669] Preparation 46

[0670] 2-(3-Fluorophenyl)thiophene-5-sulfonylchloride (1.54 g) was obta ined in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0671] m.p. : 75-84° C.

[0672]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 7.20-7.30(1H, m), 7.40-7.47(1H, m), 7.50(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.68(1H, t, J=8Hz), 7.88(1H, d, J=4Hz)

EXAMPLE 24

[0673] (2R)-4Methanesulfonyl-1-(5-phenylthiophene-2-sulfonyl)-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (273 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0674] Mass (ESI) : 528 (M−1)

[0675]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0676] 1.51-1.67(4H, m), 1.70-1.90(2H, m), 2.78-2.95(5H, m),

[0677] 3.32-3.49(1H, m), 3.55-3.72(2H, m), 3.86-4.03(2H, m),

[0678] 4.20-4.30(1H, m), 4.60-4.69(1H, m), 4.94-5.01(1H, m),

[0679] 7.30(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.40-7.49(3H, m), 7.58-7.65(3H, m),

[0680] 9.11-9.21(1H, m)

EXAMPLE 25

[0681] (2R)-N-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonyl-1-(5-phenylthiophene-2-sulfonyl)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (153 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 5.

[0682] Mass (ESI) : 444 (M−1)

[0683]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0684] 2.69-2.80(1H, m), 2.86(3H, s), 3.00(1H, dd, J=6, 14Hz),

[0685] 3.54(1H, d, J=14Hz), 3.69-3.88(3H, m), 4.49(1H, d, J=2Hz),

[0686] 7.40-7.52(3H, m), 7.62(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.70(1H, d, J=3Hz),

[0687] 7.76(2H, d, J=8Hz), 9.00 (1H, brs)

EXAMPLE 26

[0688] (2R)-1-{5-(3-Fluorophenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl}-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (370 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0689] Mass (ESI) : 546 (M−1)

[0690]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0691] 1.51-1.67(4H, m), 1.71-1.90(2H, m), 2.78-2.95(5H, m),

[0692] 3.30-3.50(1H, m), 3.57-3.73(2H, m), 3.87-4.03(2H, m),

[0693] 4.20-4.29(1H, m), 4.59-4.69(1H, m), 4.94-5.00(1H, m),

[0694] 7.08-7.16(1H, m), 7.28-7.33(2H, m), 7.36-7.47(2H, m),

[0695] 7.60-7.68(1H, m), 9.10-9.20(1H, m)

EXAMPLE 27

[0696] (2R)-1 -{5-(3-Fluorophenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl}-N-hydroxy-4-methanesulfonyl-2-piperazinecarboxamide (282 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 5.

[0697] Mass (ESI) : 462 (M−1)

[0698]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0699] 2.69-2.80(1H, m), 2.86(3H, s), 3.00(1H, dd, J=6, 14Hz),

[0700] 3.53(1H, d, J=14Hz), 3.67-3.86(3H, m), 4.48(1H, d, J=2Hz),

[0701] 7.28(1H, t, J=8Hz), 7.49-7.61(2H, m), 7.61-7.72(3H, m),

[0702] 9.00 (1H, brs)

EXAMPLE 28

[0703] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (224 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0704] Mass (ESI−) : 546 (M−H)

[0705]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0706] 1.53-1.90(6H, m), 2.75-2.95(2H, m), 2.91, 2.94(3H, s),

[0707] 3.32-3.50(1H, m), 3.55-3.75(2H, m), 3.85-4.05(2H, m),

[0708] 4.23(1H, d, J=10Hz), 4.55-4.68(1H, br), 4.97(1H, m),

[0709] 7.15(2H, t, J=8Hz), 7.23(1H, d, J=1Hz), 7.58(2H, d, J=3.8Hz),

[0710] 7.55-7.65(1H, m), 9.13, 9.16(1H, brs)

EXAMPLE 29

[0711] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-N-hydroxy-4-methanesulfonyl-2-piperazinecarboxamide (103 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 5.

[0712] Mass (ESI−) : 462 (M−H)

[0713]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0714] 2.65-2.90(2H, m), 2.85(3H, s), 3.35-3.53(1H, m),

[0715] 3.66(1H, d, J=12Hz), 3.95(1H, d, J=12Hz), 4.25(1H, d, J=12Hz),

[0716] 4.73(1H, s), 7.13(2H, t, J=8Hz), 7.22(1H, d, J=1Hz),

[0717] 7.52-7.65(3H, m)

EXAMPLE 30

[0718] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-N-hydroxy-4-methanesulfonyl-2-piperazinecarboxamide (0.90 g) and 1N NaOH (1.95 ml) were used to give 0.94 g of (2R)-1-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-N-hydroxy-4-methanesulfonyl-2-piperazinecarboxamide sodium salt.

[0719]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ) : 2.71(1H, t, J=10Hz), 2.83(3H, s), 2.76-2.88(1H, m), 3.52(2H, d, J=10Hz), 3.81(1H, t, J=10Hz), 4.04(1H, d, J=10Hz), 4.24(1H, s), 7.32(2H, t, J=8Hz), 7.52(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.73-7.87 (4H, m)

[0720] Preparation 47

[0721] 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)thiophene (1.52 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[0722]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 7.07(1H, dd, J=4, 4Hz), 7.25-7.37(4H, m), 7.53(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0723] Preparation 48

[0724] 5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride (1.55 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0725]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 7.30(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.45(2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.57(2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.86(1H, d, J=4Hz)

EXAMPLE 31

[0726] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Chlorophenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (424 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0727] Mass (ESI−) : 562, 564 (M−H)

[0728]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0729] 1.52-1.90(6H, m), 2.77-2.95(5H, m), 3.38-3.49(1H, m),

[0730] 3.57-3.75(2H, m), 3.86-4.00(2H, m), 4.24(1H, d, J=13Hz),

[0731] 4.58-4.65(1H, br), 4.92-4.98(1H, m), 7.07(1H, d, J=8Hz),

[0732] 7.41(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.52(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.60(1H, d, J=8Hz),

[0733] 9.17-9.27(1H, m)

[0734] Preparation 49

[0735] 5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride (1.64 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0736]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0737] 3.85(3H, s), 6.98(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.20(1H, d, J=4Hz),

[0738] 7.57(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.81(1H, d, J=4Hz)

EXAMPLE 32

[0739] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (454 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0740] Mass (ESI−) : 558 (M−H)

[0741]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0742] 1.55-1.91(6H, m), 2.76-2.95(5H, m), 3.38-3.49(1H, m),

[0743] 3.55-3.72(2H, m), 3.85(3H, s), 3.90-4.05(2H, m),

[0744] 4.23(1H, d, J=13Hz), 4.60-4.67(1H, br), 4.96-5.01(1H, m),

[0745] 6.93(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.19(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.52(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0746] 7.60(1H, d, J=4Hz), 9.25-9.39(1H, m)

[0747] Preparation 50

[0748] 5-(4-Tolyl)-2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride (782 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0749]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0750] 2.44(3H, s), 7.26(2H, d, J=13Hz), 7.27(1H, d, J=6Hz),

[0751] 7.50(2H, d, J=13Hz), 7.81(1H, d, J=6Hz)

EXAMPLE 33

[0752] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Methylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (372 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0753] Mass (ESI−) : 542 (M−H)

[0754]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0755] 1.50-1.90(6H, m), 2.75-3.00(5H, m), 3.35-3.51(1H, m),

[0756] 3.56-3.75(2H, m), 3.85(3H, s), 3.87-4.04(2H, m),

[0757] 4.23(1H, d, J=13Hz), 4.60-4.69(1H, br), 4.95-5.02(1H, m),

[0758] 7.20-7.28(4H, m), 7.49(1H, d, J=11Hz), 9.15-9.28(1H, m)

[0759] Preparation 51

[0760] 5-(4-Nitrophenyl)-2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride (915 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0761]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0762] 7.48(2H, d, J=4Hz), 7.84(1H, d, J=9Hz), 7.91(1H, d, J=4Hz),

[0763] 8.47(1H, d, J=9Hz)

EXAMPLE 34

[0764] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Nitrophenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (242 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0765] Mass (ESI−) : 573 (M−H)

[0766]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0767] 1.54-1.84(6H, m), 2.79-2.95(5H, m), 3.34-3.49(1H, m),

[0768] 3.56-3.75(2H, m), 3.89-4.00(2H, m), 4.22(1H, d, J=13Hz),

[0769] 4.62-4.71(1H, br), 4.94-5.00(1H, m), 7.43(1H, d, J=4Hz),

[0770] 7.62-7.69(1H, br), 7.77(1H, d, J=11Hz), 8.29(1H, d, J=11Hz),

[0771] 9.17-9.30(1H, br)

[0772] Preparation 52

[0773] 2-(2-Fluorophenyl)thiophene (1.56 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[0774]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0775] 6.96(1H, t, J=8Hz), 7.09(1H, t, J=4Hz), 7.22-7.40(5H, m)

[0776] Preparation 53

[0777] 2-(2-Fluorophenyl)thiophene-5-sulfonylchloride (1.10 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0778]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0779] 7.20-7.30(1H, m), 7.40-7.47(1H, m), 7.50(1H, d, J=4Hz),

[0780] 7.68(1H, t, J=8Hz) 7.88(1H, d, J=4Hz)

EXAMPLE 35

[0781] (2R)-1-[5-(3-Fluorophenyl) thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (384 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0782] Mass (ESI) : 546 (M−1)

[0783]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0784] 1.50-1.68(4H, m), 1.70-1.90(2H, m), 2.72-2.95(5H, m),

[0785] 3.32-3.49(1H, m), 3.54-3.72(2H, m), 3.88-4.05(2H, m),

[0786] 4.20-4.30(1H, m), 4.59-4.70(1H, m), 4.95-5.00(1H, m),

[0787] 7.15-7.28(2H, m), 7.33-7.41(1H, m), 7.46(1H, d, J=4Hz),

[0788] 7.60-7.69(2H,m), 9.10-9.21(1H, m)

[0789] Preparation 54

[0790] Into a mixture of 2-mercapto-4-phenylthiazole (2.00 g) and 4N hydrochloric acid (20 ml) in 1,2-dichloroethane (10 ml) was introduced Cl₂ gas over 1 hour at below 15° C. The organic layer was separated, washed with H₂O and brine and dried over sodium sulfate. After concentration, the obtained residue was crystallized from hexane to give 1.21 g of 4-phenylthiazole-2-sulfonylchloride.

[0791]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 7.41-7.53(3H, m), 7.92(1H, s), 7.96(2H, d, J=8Hz)

EXAMPLE 36

[0792] (2R)-4-Methanesulfonyl-1-(4-phenylthiazole-2-sulfonyl)-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (177 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0793] Mass (ESI) : 529 (M−1)

[0794]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0795] 1.40-1.80(6H, m), 2.90-2.97(3H, m), 3.32-3.49(1H, m),

[0796] 3.54-3.72(2H, m), 3.88-4.05(2H, m), 4.20-4.30(1H, m),

[0797] 4.59-4.70(1H, m), 4.95-5.00(1H, m), 7.15-7.28(2H, m),

[0798] 7.33-7.41(1H, m), 7.46(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.60-7.69(2H,m),

[0799] 9.10-9.21(1H, m)

EXAMPLE 37

[0800] (2R)-1-[5-(3-Isoxazolyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (348 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0801] Mass (ESI) : 519 (M−1)

[0802]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0803] 1.51-1.69(4H, m), 1.70-1.90(2H, m), 2.78-2.95(5H, m)

[0804] 3.35-3.52(1H, m), 3.58-3.79(2H, m), 3.86-4.01(2H, m),

[0805] 4.19-4.29(1H, m), 4.58-4.72(1H, m), 4.93-5.00(1H, m)

[0806] 6.57(1H, s), 7.50(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.60-7.70(1H, m), 8.33(1H, s),

[0807] 9.05-9.18(1H,m)

[0808] Preparation 55

[0809] 2-(4-Trifluoromethylphenyl)thiophene (1.57 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[0810]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 7.10-7.14(1H, m), 7.34(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.40(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.62(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.71(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0811] Preparation 56

[0812] To a mixture of 2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiophene (1.56 g) and acetic anhydride (1.05 g) in AcOEt (7.8 ml) was added a solution of sulfonic acid (637 mg) in AcOEt (1.5 ml) with ice-cooling. After being allowed to ambient temperature, the mixture was stirred for 2 hours and poured into cold water. The resulting mixture was adjusted to have a pH of 7 with 3N aqueous sodium hydroxide, then a pH of 2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The separated solid was recoverd and washed with 4N aqueous hydrochloric acid. The obtained solid was dried in vacuo to give 1.55 g of sodium 5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiophene sulfonate.

[0813]¹H-NMR (300MHz, D₂O, δ): 7.40(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.47(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.72(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.78(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0814] Preparation 57

[0815] A mixture of sodium 5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiophene sulfonate (1.50 g) and DMF (498 mg) in thionyl chloride (7.5 ml) was stirred for 2 hours at 50° C. The mixture was concentrated and partitioned between AcOEt and 3% aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The organic layer was separated, washed with 3% aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo after filtration to give 1.39 g of 5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonylchloride as a solid.

[0816] m.p. : 73-75° C.

[0817]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 7.39(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.74(4H, s), 7.89(1H, d, J=3Hz)

EXAMPLE 38

[0818] (2R)-4Methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-1-[5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-2-piperazinecarboxamide was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0819] Mass (ESI) : 596 (M−1)

[0820]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0821] 1.51-1.67(4H, m), 1.70-1.90(2H, m), 2.77-2.95(5H, m),

[0822] 3.33-3.50(1H, m), 3.56-3.73(2H, m), 3.86-4.03(2H, m),

[0823] 4.20-4.28(1H, m), 4.60-4.70(1H, m), 4.94-5.00(1H, m),

[0824] 7.38(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.61-7.70(1H, m), 7.51(4H, s),

[0825] 9.08-9.17(1H,m)

[0826] Preparation 58

[0827] 2-[3,4-(Methylenedioxy)phenyl]thiophene (1.53 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[0828]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 5.98(2H, s), 6.81(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.03(1H, t, J=4Hz), 7.07-7.12(2H, m), 7.18(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.21(1H, d, J=4Hz)

[0829] Preparation 59

[0830] Sodium 2-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]thiophene sulfonate (1.89 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 56.

[0831]¹H-NMR (300MHz, D₂O, δ) : 5.99(2H, s), 6.88(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.11-7.19(3H, m), 7.40(1H, d, J=4Hz)

[0832] Preparation 60

[0833] 2-[3,4-(Methylenedioxy)phenyl]thiophene-5-sulfonylchloride (1.58 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 57.

[0834] m.p. : 117-119° C.

[0835]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 6.05(2H,s), 6.89(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.08(1H, s) 7.14(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.17(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.80(1H, d, J=4Hz)

EXAMPLE 39

[0836] (2R)-4-Methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)1-{5-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]thiophene-2-sulfonyl}-2-piperazinecarboxamide (307 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0837] Mass (ESI) : 572 (M−1)

[0838]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 1.50-1.68(4H, m), 1.71-1.90(2H, m), 2.75-2.95(5H, m), 3.31-3.49(1H, m), 3.56-3.71(2H, m), 3.85-4.03(2H, m), 4.20-4.30(1H, m), 4.56-4.67(1H, m), 4.94-5.01(1H, m), 6.03(2H, s), 6.85(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.05(1H,s) 7.10(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.15(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.53-7.62(1H,m), 9.11-9.27(1H, m)

[0839] Preparation 61

[0840] To a mixture of 4-iodophenol (2 g) and potassium carbonate (1.88 g) in DMF (20 ml) was added dropwise ethyl iodide (1.83 ml) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. overnight. The resulting mixture was poured into water (50 ml), and extracted with diethyl ether (25 ml×3). The combined organic layer was washed with 0.5N hydrochloric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and brine, and dried over MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated to give 2.06 g of 1-ethoxy-4-iodobenzene as a slightly brown solid. The product was used for the next reaction without further purification.

[0841]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 1.40(3H, t, J=7Hz), 3.97(2H, q, J=7Hz), 6.66(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.54(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0842] Preparation 62

[0843] 2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)thiophene (1.33 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[0844]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ): 1.40(3H, t, J=7Hz), 4.05(2H, q, J=7Hz), 6.90(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.02-7.04 (1H, m), 7.16-7.21 (2H, m), 7.51(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0845] Preparation 63

[0846] 5-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride (766 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0847]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) 1.42(3H, t, J=7Hz), 4.09(2H, q, J=7Hz), 6.94(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.19(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.55(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.80(1H, d, J=4Hz)

EXAMPLE 40

[0848] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (273 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0849]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0850] 1.45(3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.52-1.89(6H, m), 2.73-2.96(2H, m),

[0851] 2.88(1.5H, s), 2.94(1.5H, s), 3.35-3.49(1H, m),

[0852] 3.59-3.72(2H, m), 3.87-4.05(2H, m), 4.09(2H, q, J=7Hz),

[0853] 4.27(1H, d, J=13Hz), 4.59-4.68(1H, br), 5.02(1H, bs),

[0854] 6.95(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.16(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.51(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0855] 7.60(1H, d, J=4Hz), 9.15-9.26(1H, m)

[0856] Preparation 64

[0857] 4-(2-Thienyl)benzonitrile (1.58 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[0858]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0859] 7.13(1H, t, J=3Hz), 7.40-7.48(2H, m), 7.51-7.82(4H, m)

[0860] Preparation 65

[0861] 2-(4-Cyanophenyl)thiophene-5-sulfonylchloride (2.01 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0862]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0863] 7.42(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.74(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.79(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0864] 7.90(1H, d, J=3Hz)

EXAMPLE 41

[0865] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Cyanophenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (296 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0866] Mass (ESI) : 553 (M−1)

[0867]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0868] 1.53-1.66(4H, m), 1.72-1.87(2H, m), 2.78-2.95(5H, m),

[0869] 3.34-3.50(1H, m), 3.58-3.75(2H, m), 3.88-4.02(2H, m),

[0870] 4.18-4.25(1H, m), 4.60-4.70(1H, m), 4.93-5.00(1H, m),

[0871] 7.40(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.62-7.78(5H, m), 9.08-9.19(1H, m)

[0872] Preparation 66

[0873] 2-(4-Cyanomethylphenyl)thiophene (1.32 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[0874]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 3.78(2H,s), 7.10(1H, t, J=3Hz), 7.30-7.38(4H, m), 7.52(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0875] Preparation 67

[0876] 2-(4-Cyanomethylphenyl)thiophene-5-sulfonylchloride (2.21 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0877]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 3.82(2H, s), 7.32(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.46(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.68(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.86(1H, d, J=3Hz)

EXAMPLE 42

[0878] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Cyanomethylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (293 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0879] Mass (ESI) : 567 (M−1)

[0880]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0881] 1.52-1.69(4H, m), 1.71-1.90(2H, m), 2.77-2.98(5H, m),

[0882] 3.33-3.50(1H, m), 3.58-3.73(2H, m), 3.82(2H, s),

[0883] 3.88-4.06(2H, m), 4.20-4.29(1H, m), 4.60-4.70(1H, m)

[0884] 4.94-5.01(1H, m), 7.31(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.42(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0885] 7.60-7.69(3H, m), 9.08-9.19(1H, m)

[0886] Preparation 68

[0887] 4-(2-Thienyl)phenol (10.2 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[0888] Mass (ESI) : 175 (M−1)

[0889]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0890] 6.80(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.07(1H, t, J=3Hz), 7.30(1H, d, J=3Hz)

[0891] 7.40(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.46(2H, d, J=8Hz), 9.63(1H, brs)

[0892] Preparation 69

[0893] To a mixture of 4-(2-thienyl)phenol (1.00 g) and acetic anhydride (869 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) was added pyridine (494 mg) with ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour at said temperature and 1 hour at ambient temperature. After concentration, the mixture was partitioned between AcOEt and H₂O. The separated organic layer was washed with 1% aqueous citric acid, 3% aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was triturated with hexane to give 985 mg of 2-(4-acetoxyphenyl)thiophene as a powder.

[0894]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 2.32(3H, s), 7.05-7.16(3H, m), 7.24-7.30(2H, m), 7.61(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0895] Preparation 70

[0896] 2-(4-Acetoxyphenyl)thiophene-5-sulfonylchloride (1.14 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0897]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 2.33(3H, s), 7.21(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.29(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.63(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.84(1H, d, J=3Hz)

EXAMPLE 43

[0898] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Acetoxyphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (262 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0899] Mass (ESI) : 586 (M−1)

[0900]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0901] 1.53-1.69(4H, m), 1.72-1.90(2H, m), 2.35(3H, s),

[0902] 2.77-2.97(5H, m), 3.36-3.50(1H, m), 3.58-3.72(2H, m),

[0903] 3.87-4.04(2H, m), 4.20-4.29(1H, m), 4.59-4.69(1H, m),

[0904] 4.94-5.01(1H, m), 7.20(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.24-7.30(1H, m),

[0905] 7.59-7.67(3H, m), 9.08-9.19(1H, m)

[0906] Preparation 71

[0907] 2-(4-Hydroxymethylphenyl)thiophene (2.23 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[0908]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 1.70(1H, t, J=8Hz), 4.71(2H, s), 7.06-7.10(1H, m), 7.18(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.31(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.38(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.61(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0909] Preparation 72

[0910] 2-(4-Acetoxymethylphenyl)thiophene (2.55 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 69.

[0911]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 2.12(3H, s), 5.12(2H, s), 7.09(1H, t, J=3Hz), 7.30(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.33(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.48(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.61(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0912] Preparation 73

[0913] 2-(4-Acetoxymethylphenyl)thiophene-5-sulfonylchloride (3.00 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0914]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 2.14(3H, s), 5.16(2H, s), 7.32(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.47(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.63(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.87(1H, d, J=3Hz)

EXAMPLE 44

[0915] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Acetoxymethylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0916] Mass (ESI) : 600 (M−1)

[0917]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0918] 1.52-1.89(6H, m), 2.13(3H, s), 2.76-2.96(5H, m),

[0919] 3.34-3.50(1H, m), 3.57-3.72(2H, m), 3.87-4.04(2H, m),

[0920] 4.20-4.28(1H, m), 4.59-4.68(1H, m), 4.94-5.00(1H, m),

[0921] 5.13(2H, s), 7.30(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.42(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0922] 7.58-7.65(3H, m), 9.08-9.19(1H, m)

[0923] Preparation 74

[0924] 2-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)thiophene (435 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[0925]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 3.94(3H, s), 6.93-7.07(2H, m), 7.17-7.36(4H, m)

[0926] Preparation 75

[0927] 5-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride (318 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0928]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 3.97(3H, s), 7.05(2H, t, J=7Hz), 7.21(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.36(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.39(1H, s), 7.83(2H, d, J=7Hz)

EXAMPLE 45

[0929] (2R)-1-[5-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (396 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0930] Mass (ESI−) : 576 (M−H)

[0931]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0932] 1.57-1.93(6H, m), 2.79-2.91(2H, m), 2.88(1.5H, s), 2.94(1.5H, s),

[0933] 3,34-3.48(1H, m), 3.57-3.69(2H, m), 3.84-4.03(2H, m),

[0934] 3.93(3H, s), 4.22(1H, d, J=13Hz), 4.55-4.63(1H, br),

[0935] 4.94-5.00(1H, m), 6.99(1H, dd, J=9, 9Hz), 7.18(1H, d, J=4Hz),

[0936] 7.30(1H, s), 7.33(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.55-7.61(1H, m), 9.12-9.20(1H, br)

[0937] Preparation 76

[0938] 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)thiophene (1.60 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[0939]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 3.85(3H, s), 6.83(1H, dd, J=3, 8Hz), 7.08(1H, t, J=3Hz), 7.15(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.21(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.23-7.32(3H, m)

[0940] Preparation 77

[0941] Sodium 5-(3-methoxyphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfate (1.85 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 56.

[0942] Mass (ESI) : 269 (M−1)

[0943]¹H-NMR (300MHz, D₂O, δ):

[0944] 3.87(3H, s), 6.99(1H, s), 7.20(1H, s), 7.29(1H, d, J=8Hz),

[0945] 7.33(1H, t, J=3Hz), 7.39(1H, t, J=8Hz), 7.46(1H, d, J=3Hz)

[0946] Preparation 78

[0947] 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)thiophene-5-sulfonylchloride (1.75 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 57.

[0948]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 3.88(3H, s), 6.99(1H, dd, J=3, 8Hz), 7.13(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.21(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.30(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.39(1H, t, J=8Hz), 7.83(1H, d, J=3Hz)

EXAMPLE 46

[0949] (2R)-4-Methanesulfonyl-1-[5-(3-methoxyphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (349 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0950] Mass (ESI) : 558 (M−1)

[0951]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0952] 1.51-1.65(4H, m), 1.71-1.87(2H, m), 2.75-2.95(5H, m),

[0953] 3.33-3.48(1H, m), 3.56-3.71(2H, m), 3.87(3H, s),

[0954] 3.89-4.02(2H, m), 4.20-4.28(1H, m), 4.59-4.67(1H, m),

[0955] 4.93-5.00(1H, m), 6.96(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.11(1H, d, J=3Hz),

[0956] 7.19(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.29(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.35(1H, t, J=8Hz),

[0957] 7.59-7.65(1H, m), 9.08-9.19(1H, m)

[0958] Preparation 79

[0959] N,N-Dimethyl-4-(2-thienyl)benzenesulfonamide (1.26 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[0960]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 2.73(6H, s), 7.14(1H, t, J=3Hz), 7.40(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.43(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.78(4H, s)

[0961] Preparation 80

[0962] 2-(4-Dimethylaminosulfonylphenyl)thiophene-5-sulfonylchloride (1.47 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0963]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 2.78(6H, s), 7.42(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.79(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.86-7.91(2H, m)

EXAMPLE 47

[0964] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Dimethylaminosulfonylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (426 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0965] Mass (ESI) : 635 (M−1)

[0966]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[0967] 1.31-1.67(6H, m), 2.64(6H, s), 2.77-2.91(4H, m),

[0968] 3.02-3.17(1H, m), 3.23-3.37(1H, m), 3.50-3.64(2H, m),

[0969] 3.72-3.90(3H, m), 4.45-4.55(1H, m), 4.63-4.72(1H, m),

[0970] 7.68(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.70(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.83(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0971] 8.03(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0972] Preparation 81

[0973] To a mixture of 4-(2-thienyl)phenol (1.76 g) and triethylamine (1.50 g) in MeCN (10 ml) was added dropwise methanesulfonylchloride (1.26 g) with ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour, then for 1 hour at ambient temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated and diluted with a mixture of AcOEt and H₂O to separate solid. The separated solid was recovered and washed with H₂O and AcOEt to give 1.62 g of 2-(4-methanesulfonyloxyphenyl)thiophene.

[0974]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 3.17(3H, s), 7.08-7.14(1H, m), 7.28-7.38(4H, m), 7.65(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[0975] Preparation 82

[0976] 2-(4-Methanesulfonyloxyphenyl)thiophene-5-sulfonylchloride (2.02 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0977]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 3.22(3H, s), 7.31(1H, t, J=3Hz), 7.40(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.70(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.87(1H, d, J=8Hz)

EXAMPLE 48

[0978] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Methanesulfonyloxyphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (392 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0979] Mass (ESI) : 622 (M−1)

[0980]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[0981] 1.53-1.70(4H, m), 1.72-1.91(2H, m), 2.76-2.98(5H, m),

[0982] 3.20(3H, s), 3.33-3.50(1H, m), 3.58-3.74(2H, m),

[0983] 3.85-4.05(2H, m), 4.19-4.29(1H, m), 4.58-4.70(1H, m),

[0984] 4.94-5.02(1H, m), 7.26-7.34(1H, m), 7.40(2H, d, J=8Hz),

[0985] 7.61-7.72(3H, m), 9.08-9.21(1H, m)

[0986] Preparation 83

[0987] 2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)thiophene (863 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[0988]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 6.85-6.96(2H, m), 7.11(1H, t, J=3Hz), 7.35(1H, d, J=3Hz) 7.41(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.54-7.64(1H, m)

[0989] Preparation 84

[0990] 2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)thiophene-5-sulfonylchloride (819 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[0991]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 6.97-7.06(2H, m), 7.42(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.60-7.70(2H, m), 7.88(1H, d, J=3Hz)

EXAMPLE 49

[0992] (2R)-1-[5-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (309 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[0993] Mass (ESI) : 564 (M−1)

[0994]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) :

[0995] 1.51-1.90(6H, m), 2.74-2.95(5H, m), 3.34-3.51(1H, m),

[0996] 3.54-3.71(2H, m), 3.87-4.03(2H, m), 4.19-4.29(1H, m),

[0997] 4.58-4.69(1H, m), 4.94-5.01(1H, m), 6.93-7.04(2H, m)

[0998] 7.40(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.56-7.67(2H, m), 9.08-9.19(1H, m)

[0999] Preparation 85

[1000] A mixture of 4-(2-thienyl)phenol (1.30 g), chloroacetonitrile (668 mg) and potassium carbonate (1.53 g) in DMF (7 ml) was stirred for 5 hours at ambient temperature. The mixture was diluted with H₂O and the separated solid was recovered to give 1.45 g of 2-(4-cyanomethoxyphenyl)thiophene.

[1001]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 4.80(2H, s), 7.00(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.08(1H, t, J=3Hz), 7.22-7.30(2H, m), 7.60(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[1002] Preparation 86

[1003] 2-(4-Cyanomethoxyphenyl)thiophene-5-sulfonylchloride (1.92 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[1004]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 4.84(2H, s), 7.08(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.24(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.62(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.84(1H, d, J=3Hz)

EXAMPLE 50

[1005] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Cyanomethoxyphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (266 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[1006] Mass (ESI) : 583 (M−1)

[1007]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[1008] 1.51-1.70(4H, m), 1.72-1.90(2H, m), 2.77-3.00(5H, m),

[1009] 3.32-3.50(1H, m), 3.58-3.73(2H, m), 3.86-4.05(2H, m),

[1010] 4.20-4.30(1H, m), 4.58-4.69(1H, m), 4.83(2H, s),

[1011] 4.94-5.03(1H, m), 7.06(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.21(1H, d, J=3Hz),

[1012] 7.54-7.64(3H, m), 9.08-9.19(1H, m)

[1013] Preparation 87

[1014] Methyl 4-(2-thienyl)benzoate (2.07 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[1015]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 3.93(3H, s), 7.11(1H, t, J=3Hz), 7.37(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.42(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.68(2H, d, J=8Hz), 8.04(2H, d, J=8Hz)

[1016] Preparation 88

[1017] 2-(4-Methoxycarbonylphenyl)thiophene-5-sulfonylchloride (1.40 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 44.

[1018]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 3.96(3H, s), 7.41(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.71(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.89(1H, d, J=3Hz), 8.14(2H, d, J=8Hz)

EXAMPLE 51

[1019] (2R)-4-Methanesulfonyl-1-[5-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (292 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[1020] Mass (ESI) : 586 (M−1)

[1021]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[1022] 1.52-1.69(4H, m), 1.70-1.90(2H, m), 2.78-2.96(5H, m),

[1023] 3.33-3.50(1H, m), 3.58-3.75(2H, m), 3.84-4.02(5H, m),

[1024] 4.19-4.29(1H, m), 4.60-4.70(1H, m),4.94-5.01(1H, m),

[1025] 7.41(1H, d, J=3Hz), 7.40(1H, d, J=3Hz),7.61-7.70(3H, m),

[1026] 8.11(2H, d, J=8Hz), 9.08-9.19(1H, m)

[1027] Preparation 89

[1028] 4-Biphenylylthiophene (1.27 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[1029]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 7.10(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.28-7.50(5H, m), 7.59-7.70(5H, m)

[1030] Preparation 90

[1031] Sodium 5-(4-biphenylyl)-2-thiophenesulfonate (922 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 56.

[1032]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ): 7.11(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.37(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.39(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.42-7.50(2H, m), 7.67-7.74(6H, m)

[1033] Preparation 91

[1034] 5-(4-Biphenylyl)-2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride (824 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 57.

[1035]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO₆, δ): 7.34(1H, d, J=7Hz), 7.39-7.51(3H, m), 7.56-7.65(2H, m) 7.69(4H, s), 7.83(1H, d, J=7Hz)

EXAMPLE 52

[1036] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Biphenylyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (339 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[1037] Mass (ESI−) : 604 (M−H)

[1038]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO-d₆, δ):

[1039] 1.38-1.70(6H, m), 2.77-2.91(1H, m), 2.88(3H, s),

[1040] 3.02-3.19(1H, m), 3.45-3.64(2H, m), 3.72-3.95(2H, m),

[1041] 4.43-4.53(1H, m), 4.72(1H, bs), 7.40(1H, d, J=8Hz)

[1042] 7.45-7.52(2H, m), 7.61-7.86(8H, m)

[1043] Preparation 92

[1044] 2-(4-Pyridyl)thiophene (2.53 g) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Preparation 43.

[1045]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ) : 7.13(1H, d, J=5Hz), 7.42(1H, d, J=4Hz), 7.45-7.53(3H, m), 8.59(2H, d, J=5Hz)

[1046] Preparation 93

[1047] Chlorosulfonic acid (1.4 ml) was added to 2-(4-pyridyl)thiophene (500 mg) at 0° C. and the mixture was stirred for 5 days at room temperature. Ice-water was carefully added to this mixture at 0° C. to decompose excess reagent. This solution was poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (ca. pH 7) and extracted with AcOEt (20 ml×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine, and dried over MgSO₄. After 4N HCl-AcOEt (10 ml) was added to the solution, the solvent was removed in vacuo to give 300 mg of 5-(4-pyridyl)thiophenesulfonyl chloride as a white solid (yield 32.7%).

[1048]¹H-NMR (300MHz, DMSO₆, δ) : 7.30(1H, d, J=4Hz), 8.05(1H, d, J=4Hz), 8.27(2H, d, J=8Hz), 8.81(2H, d, J=8Hz)

EXAMPLE 53

[1049] (2R)-1-[5-(4-Pyridyl)thiophene-2-sulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonyl-N-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-2-piperazinecarboxamide (335 mg) was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Example 4.

[1050] Mass (ESI−) : 529 (M−H)

[1051]¹H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃, δ):

[1052] 1.55-1.91(6H, m), 2.79-2.92(2H, m), 2.91(1.5H, s),

[1053] 2.94(1.5H, s), 3.40-3.56(1H, m), 3.58-3.77(2H, m),

[1054] 3.86-4.03(2H, m), 4.21(1H, d, J=13Hz), 4.53-4.59(1H, br),

[1055] 4.92-5.00(1H, m), 7.49(2H, d, J=8Hz), 7.49(1H, d, J=4Hz),

[1056] 7.62-7.70(1H, br), 7.69(2H, d, J=8Hz), 9.18-9.28(1H, br)

[1057] Preparation 94

[1058] To an ice-cooled dioxane (30 ml) was slowly added liquid bromine (2.66 g) and this mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at said temperature. To the mixture was added dropwise 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (2 g), and the resulting mixture was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in AcOEt (50 ml) and the solution was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and brine, and dried over MgSO₄. The solvent was evaporated to give an orange oil as a crude product. The crude product was purified on an SiO₂ column (hexane-AcOEt 20:1) 

14. A method of treating and/or preventing a MMP- or TNFα-mediated disease which comprises administering an effective amount of the compound of following formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a human being or an animal

wherein A is a sulfonyl, R¹ is a lower alkyl optionally substituted by halogen: a lower alkenyl optionally substituted by aryl; or a heterocyclic group optionally substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, acylamino, lowere alkylamino, carbamoyl, hydroxy, lowere alkoxy, aryloxy, lowere alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic group, haloaryl, hydroxyaryl, lower alkoxyaryl, lower alkylaryl, nitroaryl, biphenylyl, aryloxyaryl, trihaloalkylaryl, cyano(lower)alkoxyaryl, cyanoaryl, cyano(lower)alkylaryl, lower alkanoyloxyaryl, lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkylaryl, di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylaryl, hydroxy(lower)alkylaryl, lower alkoxycarbonylaryl, lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkoxyaryl, lower alkylsulfonyloxyaryl, aryl substituted by halogen and hydroxy, aryl substituted by halogen and alkanoyloxy, aryl substituted by halogen and lower alkoxy, lower alkyl-heterocyclic group, and aryl heterocyclic group; R² is a hydrogen or lower alkyl, R³ is a lower alkyl optionally substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, heterocyclic group, carbamoyl, lower alkylcarbamoyl, carboxy, protected carboxy, heterocyclic-carbonyl, di(lower)alkylamino, protected amino, arylcarbonylamino, heterocycliccarbonylamino, lower alkanoylamino, lower alkylsulfonylamino, di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylamino, heterocyclic-sulfonylamino, heterocyclic-thio, lower alkylheterocyclic-thio, and heterocyclic-thio: a lower alkoxy; an aryloxy; an aryl(lower)alkoxy; a heterocyclic(lower)alkenyl, said heterocyclic group being unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms; a heterocyclic group, said heterocyclic group being selected from the group consisting of unsatutated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, saturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms and unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing a sulfur atom, which is optionally substituted by heterocyclic group, said heterocyclic group being unsaturated 5 or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms; or a group of the formula:

wherein R⁸ and R⁹ are the same of different and each is hydrogen, lower alkyl, carboxy(lower)alkyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkyl, carbamoyl(lower)alkyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, aryl, cyclo(lower)alkyl, or heterocyclic-(lower)alkyl; R⁴ is a hydrogen or lower alkyl, R⁵ is a hydrogen, and R¹⁰ is a hydroxy or a protected hydroxy, and the above-mentioned heterocyclic group is each selected from the group consisting of unsaturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, saturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, unsaturated condensed 7- to 13-membered heterocyclic group containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, unsaturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, saturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, unsaturated condensed 7- to 13-membered heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, unsaturated, 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, saturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, unsaturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing a sulfur atom, unsaturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing an oxygen atom, saturated 3- to 8-membered heteromonocyclic group containing an oxygen atom, unsaturated condensed 7- to 13-membered heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms and unsaturated condensed 7- to 13-membered heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of stroke, arhtritis, cancer, tissue ulceration, decubitis ulcer, restenosis, periodontal disease, epidermolysis bullosa, scleritis, psoriasis, AIDS, sepsis, and septic shock.
 16. The method of claim 14, wherein R¹ is said heterocyclic group optionally substituted by a substituent.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein R¹ is a heterocyclic group selected fromt he group consisting of unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms and unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing a sulfur atom, each of which is optionally substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen; phenyl; halophenyl; hydroxyphenyl; lower alkoxyphenyl; lower alkyphenyl; nitrophenyl; bephenylyl; phenoxy phenyl; trihalo(lower)alkylphenyl; cyano(lower)alkoxyphenyl; cyano phenyl; cyano(lower)alkyphenyl; lower alkanoyloxyphenyl; lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkylphenyl; di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylphenyl; hydroxy(lower)alkylphenyl; lower alkoxycarbonylphenyl; lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkoxyphenyl; lower alkylsulfonyloxyphenyl; phenyl substituted by halogen and hydroxy; phenyl substituted by halogen and lower alkanoyloxy; phenyl substituted by halogen and lower alkoxy; heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of unsaturated 9- or 10-membered heterobicyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms and unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms; and a lower alkyl- or (phenyl-)heterocyclic group, said heterocyclic group being unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 or 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein R¹ is a thienyl substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, phenyl, halophenyl, hydroxyphenyl, lower alkoxyphenyl, lower alkylphenyl, nitrophenyl, biphenylyl, phenoxy phenyl, trihalo(lower)alkylphenyl, cyano(lower)alkoxyphenyl, cyano phenyl, cyano(lower)alkylphenyl, lower alkanoyloxyphenyl, lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkylphenyl, di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylphenyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyphenyl, lower alkoxycarbonylphenyl, lower alkoxy carbonyl(lower)alkoxyphenyl, lower alkylsulfonyloxyphenyl, phenyl substituted by halogen and hydroxy, phenyl substituted by halogen and lower alkanoyloxy, phenyl substituted by halogen, and lower alkoxy, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyridyl, benzodihydrofuranyl, benzodioxolenyl, lower alkyloxadiazolyl and phenyloxadiazolyl; a thiazol substituted by phenyl or a thiadiazolyl substituted by phenyl.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein R¹ is a thienyl, a halothienyl, a phenylthienyl, a halophenylthienyl, a hydroxyphenylthienyl, a lower alkoxyphenylthienyl, a lower alkylphenylthienyl, a nitrophenylthienyl, a bi phenylylthienyl, a phenoxyphenylthienyl, a trihalo(lower)alkyphenylthienyl, a cyano(lower)alkoxyphenylthienyl, a cyanophenylthienyl, a cyano(lower)alkyphenylthienyl, a lower alkanoyloxyphenylthienyl, a lower alkanoyloxy(lower)alkylphenylthienyl, a di(lower)alkylaminosulfonylphenylthienyl, a hydroxy(lower)alkylphenylthienyl, a lower alkoxycarbonylphenylthienyl, a lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkoxyphenylthienyl, a lower alkylsulfonyloxy phenylthienyl, a phenylthienyl wherein the phenyl group being substituted by halogen and hydroxy, a phenylthienyl wherein the phenyl group being substituted by halogen and lower alkanoyloxy, or a phenylthienyl wherein the phenyl group being substituted by halogen and lower alkoxy, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is stroke.
 21. The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is arthritis.
 22. The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is cancer.
 23. The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is tissue ulceration.
 24. The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is decubitis ulcer.
 25. The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is restenosis.
 26. The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is periodontal disease.
 27. The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is epidermolysis bullosa.
 28. The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is scleritis.
 29. The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is psoriasis.
 30. The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is AIDS.
 31. The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is sepsis.
 32. The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is septic shock.
 33. The method of claim 14, which treats said disease.
 34. The method of claim 14, which prevents said disease.
 35. The method of claim 14, wherein said compound is administered to a human being. 